Peptide Research Database

Fat Loss • Small Molecule / Metabolic • Experimental

Small-molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitor studied for NAD+ metabolism and body-composition research. Not an FDA-approved drug.

Muscle/Recovery • FDA-approved PTHrP analog • Established

FDA-approved parathyroid hormone–related peptide analog (Tymlos) for postmenopausal osteoporosis at high fracture risk. Daily 80 mcg subcutaneous injection; treatment typically limited to 2 years.

Fat Loss • Soluble activin receptor IIB fusion protein / discontinued • Emerging

Fusion protein of the activin receptor type IIB extracellular domain with an IgG1 Fc region, developed as a myostatin pathway inhibitor for muscular dystrophy. Clinical development was discontinued after vascular adverse events. Not FDA-approved.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic SNARE-targeting peptide • Experimental

Topical hexapeptide (Argireline) used in cosmetics as a SNAP-25 fragment analog. Marketed to soften expression lines; not an FDA-approved drug.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic SNARE-targeting peptide • Experimental

Elongated Argireline analog (SNAP-8) used in topical cosmetics. Not an FDA-approved drug; not WADA-prohibited as a cosmetic peptide.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic hair and skin matrikine • Experimental

Short acetylated tetrapeptide used topically in hair-density and skin-firmness formulations, commonly paired with red clover extract in commercial blends. Regulated as a cosmetic ingredient, not FDA-approved as a drug.

Cognitive • Synthetic Semax analog / nootropic research • Experimental

Adamantane-modified Semax analog researched for neurotrophic signaling and peptide stability. No FDA approval; human PK is not established.

Fat Loss • Experimental fat-vasculature targeting peptide • Experimental

Experimental chimeric peptide designed to induce apoptosis in white-adipose vasculature via prohibitin targeting. Not FDA-approved; development did not yield a drug.

Cosmetic • FDA-approved α-MSH analog • Established

FDA-approved α-MSH analog implant (SCENESSE) to increase pain-free light exposure in adults with erythropoietic protoporphyria. 16 mg subcutaneous implant every 2 months.

Cosmetic • Copper tripeptide / cosmetic research • Experimental

Alanine-histidine-lysine copper complex used in hair- and skin-cosmetic research, related to GHK-Cu. Not an FDA-approved drug.

Fat Loss • AMPK activator / research • Experimental

Adenosine analog studied as an AMP-activated protein kinase activator in metabolic and exercise-physiology research. Not FDA-approved. It is prohibited in sport under the WADA gene and metabolic modulators category.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1 + amylin unimolecular agonist • Emerging

Novo Nordisk unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist in oral and subcutaneous forms, advancing to Phase 3. Not FDA-approved. Distinct from CagriSema.

Fat Loss • Investigational oral ghrelin receptor agonist • Emerging

Orally active ghrelin receptor agonist developed for cancer cachexia and approved for that use in Japan. It has not been approved by the FDA, which cited insufficient evidence of functional benefit.

Fat Loss • Mas receptor agonist / research • Experimental

Synthetic Mas-receptor agonist related to angiotensin-(1-7) biology, studied in cardiometabolic and fibrosis models. Not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved vasoconstrictor peptide • Established

Synthetic form of the endogenous octapeptide hormone, approved to raise blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock.

Fat Loss • GH C-terminal fragment analog • Experimental

Modified C-terminal hGH fragment studied for lipolysis without GH-receptor growth effects. Not FDA-approved. WADA prohibits GH fragments including AOD-9604 (S2).

Muscle/Recovery • Innate Repair Receptor agonist / investigational • Emerging

Helix-B surface peptide (cibinetide) that selectively activates the innate repair receptor without stimulating erythropoiesis. Investigational for small-fiber neuropathy and sarcoidosis.

Oxytocin receptor antagonist • Emerging

Oxytocin receptor antagonist used in Europe and elsewhere as a tocolytic to delay imminent preterm birth. It is not approved by the FDA in the United States.

Muscle/Recovery • Relaxin-2 analog / research • Emerging

Single-chain relaxin-2 analog designed at Monash University as an RXFP1 agonist for anti-fibrotic and vasodilatory research. Preclinical; not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Mitochondrial uncoupler / small molecule • Experimental

Mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler used in metabolic research to increase energy expenditure independently of beta-oxidation stimulation. Not FDA-approved; not a peptide.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic hair peptide • Experimental

Biotin-conjugated tripeptide used in topical hair and lash products, typically as part of proprietary blends. Not FDA-approved as a drug; regulated as a cosmetic ingredient.

Muscle/Recovery • FDA-approved direct thrombin inhibitor • Established

FDA-approved bivalent direct thrombin inhibitor used with PCI. IV bolus plus infusion per labeled weight-based regimen; hospital use only.

Experimental • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from bone marrow tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

Muscle/Recovery • Healing / Regenerative • Experimental

Synthetic gastric pentadecapeptide widely sold as a research chemical for tissue-repair models. Not FDA-approved; FDA has flagged it for compounding risk. WADA prohibits BPC-157 under S0.

FDA-approved melanocortin agonist • Established

FDA-approved melanocortin agonist (Vyleesi) for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women. 1.75 mg subcutaneous autoinjector as needed.

Experimental • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Short peptide marketed as a Khavinson bronchial/lung bioregulator (often AEDL). Russian literature only; not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Investigational amylin analog • Emerging

Long-acting amylin analog from Novo Nordisk in Phase 3 obesity programs, including the CagriSema combination with semaglutide. Not FDA-approved as of 2026.

Fat Loss • Investigational amylin + GLP-1 combination • Emerging

Fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide plus semaglutide in Novo Nordisk Phase 3 REDEFINE programs. Not FDA-approved as of 2026.

Longevity • FDA-approved calcitonin receptor agonist • Established

Synthetic 32-amino-acid polypeptide identical to salmon calcitonin, approved for Paget disease of bone, hypercalcaemia, and postmenopausal osteoporosis in women more than five years past menopause.

Long-acting oxytocin analog • Emerging

Long-acting synthetic oxytocin analog used in many countries to prevent uterine atony and postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean delivery. It is not approved by the FDA in the United States.

Muscle/Recovery • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Short peptide sold as a cardiac bioregulator in the Khavinson series. No FDA approval; evidence is historical Russian literature.

Muscle/Recovery • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Ala-Glu-Asp, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson bioregulator series, marketed for cartilage and connective-tissue research. Like others in the series it is proposed to act by influencing transcription in the tissue it is associated with, a hypothesis supported almost entirely by cell-culture and cytogenetic work from one research group. No controlled clinical evidence exists for joint or cartilage outcomes, and it is not FDA-approved.

Cognitive • Peptide hydrolysate / nootropic research • Experimental

Peptide hydrolysate prepared from porcine brain tissue, supplied as a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids rather than a single characterised compound. It is used in several countries in Europe and Asia for stroke, traumatic brain injury and dementia, where it is given by injection. Not FDA-approved in the United States, and because it is a mixture its composition is not standardised the way a single-entity drug would be.

Cognitive • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from brain and central nervous system tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

FDA-approved GnRH receptor antagonist • Established

GnRH receptor antagonist approved to prevent premature luteinising hormone surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation.

Muscle/Recovery • Bioregulator / research mixture • Experimental

Marketed cartilage-support peptide blend rather than a single characterised active ingredient, with composition varying between suppliers. Because it is a mixture, no single mechanism, sequence or pharmacokinetic profile applies to it, and no pivotal trial has evaluated any branded product under this name. Not FDA-approved and not a treatment for arthritis or joint disease.

Experimental • Khavinson lung bioregulator / research • Experimental

Glu-Asp-Gly, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson bioregulator series, sold as a bronchial and lung bioregulator. The proposed tissue-specific activity rests on older Russian-language cytogenetic work that has not been independently replicated, and no receptor or signalling pathway has been characterised. There is no modern randomised trial evidence for respiratory outcomes, and it is not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Long-acting GHRH analog • Experimental

GHRH analog. Catalog “CJC-1295” often means the DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) form that extends half-life via albumin binding. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 (GHRH analogues).

Fat Loss • Short-acting GHRH analog • Experimental

Modified GRF(1-29), a growth hormone-releasing hormone analog carrying four amino-acid substitutions that resist enzymatic breakdown but without the drug affinity complex group that makes the DAC version long-acting. It produces brief GH pulses lasting around thirty minutes rather than the multi-day elevation of DAC-CJC, and the two are pharmacologically distinct despite the shared name. Not FDA-approved. Prohibited in sport under WADA class S2.

Fat Loss • GHRH + GHS combination • Experimental

Research blend combining a GHRH analog (usually Mod GRF / CJC no DAC) with ipamorelin to stimulate GH via two receptor classes. Not FDA-approved. Both components are WADA S2.

Cognitive • Khavinson cortical bioregulator / research • Experimental

Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro, a synthetic tetrapeptide in the Khavinson bioregulator series associated with cerebral cortex tissue. Reported findings concern cortical neuron protein synthesis and nerve regeneration in animal models, published largely in Russian-language journals by a single research group without independent replication. No controlled human evidence exists, and it is not FDA-approved.

Cognitive • Brain polypeptide extract / research • Experimental

Cattle-cortex polypeptide extract used in some CIS countries as a nootropic. Not FDA-approved; composition is a hydrolysate, not a single peptide.

FDA-approved CRH diagnostic • Established

Synthetic ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone approved as a diagnostic agent to help distinguish pituitary from ectopic sources of ACTH in ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome.

FDA-approved ACTH(1-24) diagnostic • Established

Synthetic peptide comprising the first 24 amino acids of corticotropin, approved as a diagnostic agent for screening adrenocortical insufficiency. It is a diagnostic tool rather than a therapy.

Fat Loss • Investigational dual incretin/glucagon agonist • Emerging

AstraZeneca GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist studied for NASH and type 2 diabetes. Clinical development has been mixed; not FDA-approved.

Cognitive • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation extracted from brain tissue and sold as a central nervous system bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. It is a complex of low-molecular-weight peptides rather than a single defined molecule, so no specific sequence or mechanism can be assigned and batch composition is not standardised. Evidence is limited to older bioregulator literature, and it is not FDA-approved.

Cognitive • Neuroprotective octapeptide / discontinued • Emerging

Eight-amino-acid fragment of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein, investigated for tauopathies. A phase 3 trial in progressive supranuclear palsy did not meet its endpoints and development for that indication stopped. Not FDA-approved.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic tyrosinase-inhibiting peptide • Experimental

Synthetic decapeptide used topically in pigmentation products as a non-hydroquinone alternative. Regulated as a cosmetic ingredient; not FDA-approved as a drug.

FDA-approved GnRH receptor antagonist • Established

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist approved for advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Unlike GnRH agonists it lowers testosterone without an initial surge.

Cognitive • Sleep / neuropeptide research • Experimental

Nonapeptide first isolated from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during induced slow-wave sleep and named for that association. Its physiological role remains genuinely unsettled: no specific receptor has been identified, reported effects on sleep architecture are inconsistent across studies, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier is debated. Research use only and not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved selective V2 receptor agonist • Established

Synthetic vasopressin analog approved for central diabetes insipidus, primary nocturnal enuresis, nocturia, and for raising factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in mild haemophilia A and type 1 von Willebrand disease.

FDA-approved peripheral kappa opioid receptor agonist • Established

Peripherally restricted kappa opioid receptor agonist approved for moderate-to-severe pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease in adults on haemodialysis.

Cognitive • Angiotensin IV analog / nootropic research • Experimental

Orally active angiotensin IV analog that potentiates HGF/c-Met signaling in animal memory models. Not FDA-approved; human safety is not established.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic nicotinic antagonist mimetic • Experimental

Waglerin-1–inspired tripeptide used in cosmetics to reduce expression-line appearance. Topical cosmetic active, not an FDA drug.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved weekly GLP-1 agonist • Established

FDA-approved once-weekly GLP-1 Fc-fusion peptide (Trulicity) for type 2 diabetes and CV risk reduction in eligible T2D populations.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1 receptor agonist • Emerging

Investigational long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist in clinical development for obesity and type 2 diabetes, studied primarily in China. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Investigational long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist • Emerging

Long-acting exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist studied for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide • Established

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. FDA granted accelerated approval in September 2025 to Forzinity (elamipretide) to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients ≥30 kg. Confirmatory trial required.

Longevity • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from pineal tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

FDA-approved HIV fusion inhibitor • Established

FDA-approved HIV-1 fusion inhibitor (Fuzeon) for treatment-experienced patients. 90 mg subcutaneous twice daily with other antiretrovirals.

Longevity • Pineal tetrapeptide / research • Experimental

Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide (AEDG) from Khavinson’s work on epithalamin. Studied for telomerase and circadian research; not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor • Established

Cyclic heptapeptide platelet aggregation inhibitor approved for acute coronary syndrome and for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

FDA-approved calcium-sensing receptor agonist • Established

Peptide calcimimetic approved for secondary hyperparathyroidism in adults with chronic kidney disease on haemodialysis. It is given intravenously at the end of dialysis rather than orally.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist • Established

Synthetic form of exendin-4 and the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved in the United States, marketed as Byetta (twice daily) and Bydureon (extended release). Approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Fat Loss • Myostatin-binding glycoprotein / research • Experimental

Isoform of follistatin that binds myostatin/activin. Gene-therapy and research-peptide forms exist; no FDA-approved follistatin drug. WADA prohibits myostatin inhibitors (S4).

Longevity • Senolytic FOXO4 peptide / research • Experimental

D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt FOXO4–p53 binding and clear senescent cells in mice (2017 Cell paper). No CAS as a registered drug; not FDA-approved. Often sold as Proxofim.

FDA-approved GnRH receptor antagonist • Established

Synthetic decapeptide GnRH receptor antagonist approved to prevent premature luteinising hormone surges in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.

Fat Loss • TGF-beta superfamily growth factor / research • Experimental

Circulating member of the TGF-beta superfamily that became prominent in ageing research after parabiosis experiments, and whose reported rejuvenative effects have since been actively disputed. Not FDA-approved; no human trials.

Fat Loss • GH C-terminal fragment / research • Experimental

C-terminal fragment of human GH studied for lipolysis. Closely related to AOD-9604. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 (GH fragments).

Muscle/Recovery • Copper tripeptide / cosmetic and research • Experimental

Endogenous glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex used widely in cosmetics for skin remodeling. Injectable research use is unapproved. USADA lists GHK (tripeptide-1) as not prohibited.

Fat Loss • Growth hormone-releasing peptide / research • Experimental

Synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue from the same series as GHRP-2 and GHRP-6. Not FDA-approved and less studied than either. Human pharmacokinetic data is limited.

Fat Loss • GHS combination / research • Experimental

Blend of two ghrelin-receptor agonists. Both GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) and ipamorelin are WADA S2. Not FDA-approved as a combination.

Fat Loss • Ghrelin-receptor agonist / research • Experimental

Synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone secretagogue and one of the earliest compounds in its class. It raises growth hormone through the ghrelin receptor, and because that is the receptor ghrelin uses to signal hunger it also produces marked appetite stimulation and increased gastric motility, along with rises in cortisol and prolactin. Those off-target effects prompted development of more selective agents such as ipamorelin. Not FDA-approved. Prohibited in sport under WADA class S2.

Muscle/Recovery • Regenerative-cosmetic blend • Experimental

Vendor blend typically combining GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500 for cosmetic/regenerative research. Not a single API; BPC-157 and TB-500 are WADA issues if the blend contains them.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved pancreatic hormone • Established

Endogenous 29-amino-acid pancreatic hormone, approved as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia and as a diagnostic aid to inhibit gastrointestinal motility during imaging. Available as injection and nasal powder.

Longevity • Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant • Experimental

Endogenous antioxidant tripeptide sold as an oral supplement and used IV in clinics. Not FDA-approved as a standalone drug for systemic “detox” or skin-lightening claims.

FDA-approved GnRH (diagnostic / historic therapeutic) • Established

Native GnRH decapeptide used as a diagnostic and, historically, pulsatile therapeutic. WADA prohibits GnRH and analogues (S2).

FDA-approved GnRH receptor agonist • Established

Depot GnRH receptor agonist approved for advanced prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, and endometrial thinning before ablation.

Fat Loss • GHRP / research • Experimental

Potent GHRP (examorelin) that raises GH and can desensitize with frequent use. Also studied for cardiac GHSR effects. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2.

FDA-approved GnRH receptor agonist implant • Established

GnRH receptor agonist delivered from a subcutaneous implant, approved for central precocious puberty in children and for palliative treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

FDA-approved glycoprotein hormone • Established

FDA-approved LH-analog glycoprotein for ovulation induction and selected male hypogonadism uses. WADA prohibits hCG in males at all times (S2). Not approved for weight loss.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved recombinant growth hormone • Established

FDA-approved recombinant 191-aa human growth hormone for GH deficiency and other labeled indications. WADA prohibits GH at all times (S2).

Cognitive • Mitochondrial-derived peptide / research • Experimental

A 24-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and one of the first mitochondrial-derived peptides described. It has been studied for cytoprotective signalling, particularly resistance to apoptosis and to oxidative and amyloid stress, and for effects on insulin sensitivity. Circulating concentrations decline with age, which drives much of the interest in it. Research use only, with no human interventional trials and no FDA-approved use.

Longevity • Potent humanin analog / research • Experimental

Analog of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin carrying a serine-to-glycine substitution at position 14, reported in preclinical work to be substantially more potent than the parent peptide. Not FDA-approved; no human trials.

FDA-approved bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist • Established

Selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist approved for acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adults and adolescents. It can be self-administered.

Fat Loss • IGF-1 / prescription (mecasermin) • Experimental

Endogenous growth factor. Recombinant mecasermin (Increlex) is FDA-approved for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency. Research vials are unapproved. WADA S2.

Fat Loss • Truncated IGF-1 analog / research • Experimental

IGF-1 lacking the first three amino acids, with reduced IGFBP binding and higher local potency in research models. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2.

Fat Loss • Modified IGF-1 analog / research • Experimental

Modified analog of insulin-like growth factor 1 carrying an arginine substitution at position 3 plus a thirteen-residue N-terminal extension, both of which reduce binding to IGF binding proteins. With less of the peptide sequestered, a larger free fraction remains available to the IGF-1 receptor and activity persists longer than native IGF-1. It is a research reagent with no approved use and no controlled human safety data. Prohibited in sport under WADA class S2.

Fat Loss • Selective GHS / research • Experimental

Pentapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist noted for GH release with relatively less ACTH/cortisol than older GHRPs. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 (named).

Experimental • Kisspeptin fragment / research • Experimental

Decapeptide KISS1 fragment that stimulates GnRH release. Used in reproductive-endocrine research. WADA lists kisspeptin and agonists as S2. Not FDA-approved.

Experimental • Full-length kisspeptin / research • Experimental

Full-length product of the KISS1 gene, originally described as metastin for its reported suppression of tumour metastasis. It acts on hypothalamic neurons upstream of GnRH release and is a gatekeeper of puberty and reproductive axis function; loss-of-function mutations in its receptor cause failure of puberty. It has been used in human reproductive-endocrine research, where its longer sequence gives a somewhat greater duration of action than kisspeptin-10. Not FDA-approved. Prohibited in sport under WADA class S2.

Cognitive • Longevity protein / research • Experimental

Transmembrane and soluble anti-aging protein that is an FGF23 co-receptor. Shop “Klotho” vials are not an FDA-approved drug and are often fragments or poorly characterized proteins.

Muscle/Recovery • Regenerative blend • Experimental

Vendor regenerative blend (commonly BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, and KPV). Not a single drug; several components are WADA-prohibited or unapproved.

Cosmetic • Anti-inflammatory MSH fragment / research • Experimental

C-terminal α-MSH tripeptide with anti-inflammatory activity in gut and skin models without strong melanotropic tanning. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved somatostatin analog • Established

Long-acting somatostatin analog approved for acromegaly, for unresectable gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, and for carcinoid syndrome.

Investigational tight junction regulator • Emerging

Orally administered octapeptide investigated as an adjunct to a gluten-free diet in coeliac disease. It acts locally in the intestinal lumen. Not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved GnRH agonist • Established

FDA-approved GnRH agonist for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and central precocious puberty. Causes pituitary downregulation after an initial flare. WADA S2 (GnRH analogues).

Experimental • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from prostate tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

FDA-approved guanylate cyclase-C agonist • Established

Orally administered 14-amino-acid peptide approved for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and for chronic idiopathic constipation. It acts locally in the gut lumen and is minimally absorbed systemically.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved daily GLP-1 agonist • Established

FDA-approved once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes (Victoza, up to 1.8 mg) and chronic weight management (Saxenda, up to 3 mg).

Fat Loss • Khavinson liver bioregulator / research • Experimental

Short synthetic peptide marketed as a hepatic bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. Published work is largely Russian-language and class-level, and no controlled human trials evaluating this specific peptide for liver outcomes have been indexed.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist • Established

Once-daily short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4, approved for glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and also formulated in fixed-ratio combination with insulin glargine.

Cosmetic • Human cathelicidin / research • Experimental

Human host-defense peptide (cathelicidin) with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Not FDA-approved as a drug; excess LL-37 is implicated in rosacea/psoriasis biology.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved long-acting growth hormone prodrug • Established

Once-weekly prodrug of somatropin approved for paediatric growth hormone deficiency, designed to release unmodified growth hormone rather than to act as a modified analog.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved oral ghrelin receptor agonist • Established

Orally active ghrelin receptor agonist approved as a diagnostic agent for adult growth hormone deficiency. It is the first oral alternative to the insulin tolerance test for this indication.

Fat Loss • Investigational GIP antagonist / GLP-1 agonist antibody-peptide • Emerging

Amgen bispecific molecule (GIPR antagonist + GLP-1R agonist) in Phase 2/3 obesity development. Monthly-class PK in trials. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist (NMPA-approved; not FDA) • Emerging

Dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, developed principally in China and approved there by the National Medical Products Administration in 2025 for weight management and type 2 diabetes. It combines incretin-driven appetite reduction with glucagon-driven increases in hepatic energy expenditure. It has not been reviewed or approved by the FDA and is not available as a prescription medicine in the United States.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved recombinant IGF-1 • Established

Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 approved for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency and for growth hormone gene deletion with neutralising antibodies to growth hormone.

Cosmetic • Unapproved melanocortin agonist • Experimental

Cyclic α-MSH analog used illicitly for tanning and libido. Not FDA-approved. FDA and EMA have warned against its use. WADA S0 as a non-approved substance.

Cognitive • Phenothiazine redox agent / approved for methaemoglobinaemia • Established

Phenothiazine dye approved as an intravenous treatment for acquired methaemoglobinaemia. It is separately sold as a research chemical and studied at low doses for mitochondrial and cognitive endpoints, which are not approved uses.

Fat Loss • IGF-1 splice variant / research • Experimental

Mechano growth factor is the IGF-1Ec splice variant induced by muscle loading. Research MGF peptides are not an FDA drug. WADA S2.

Fat Loss • Oral ghrelin-mimetic small molecule • Experimental

Oral non-peptide GH secretagogue (ibutamoren) that raises GH and IGF-1. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 names ibutamoren (MK-677).

FDA-approved CXCR4 antagonist • Established

CXCR4 antagonist peptide approved, in combination with filgrastim, to mobilise haematopoietic stem cells for collection and autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.

Fat Loss • Mitochondrial-derived peptide / research • Experimental

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene, notable as an example of the mitochondrion signalling to the rest of the cell rather than only receiving instructions. It has been studied for effects on glucose utilisation and fatty-acid oxidation through AMPK activation in metabolic models. Circulating concentrations fall with age and rise with exercise. Research use only; no human trials have been published and it is not FDA-approved.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic lash and brow peptide • Experimental

Lipidated pentapeptide used in eyelash and eyebrow conditioning products. Regulated as a cosmetic ingredient; not FDA-approved as a drug and not equivalent to prostaglandin analog lash treatments.

Cognitive • Modified Selank analog / research • Experimental

Chemically modified analog of Selank with N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation, sold as a research chemical and commonly used intranasally. Not FDA-approved. Published research on this modified form specifically is very limited; most available data concerns Selank itself.

Cognitive • Modified Semax analog / research • Experimental

N-acetylated, C-amidated Semax analog sold for nootropic research, intended to resist peptidases versus standard Semax. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Redox coenzyme / supplement • Experimental

Essential redox cofactor sold as IV clinic infusions and oral precursors (NR/NMN). NAD+ itself is not FDA-approved as a drug for anti-aging.

FDA-approved GnRH receptor agonist • Established

Intranasally administered GnRH receptor agonist approved for endometriosis and for central precocious puberty. One of the few peptide drugs delivered routinely by nasal spray.

Cognitive • Dipeptide nootropic / research • Experimental

Synthetic dipeptide developed in Russia and marketed there as a nootropic. It is not FDA-approved and is not a lawful dietary supplement ingredient in the United States. Most published research is Russian-language and preclinical.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved somatostatin analog • Established

Synthetic cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin, engineered to resist degradation so its half-life is roughly ninety minutes rather than the two minutes of the natural hormone. FDA-approved for acromegaly, for symptom control in metastatic carcinoid tumours, and for the profuse watery diarrhoea of VIPoma. Because somatostatin is a broad inhibitory signal, it also suppresses insulin, glucagon and several gut hormones. A prescription medicine.

Cognitive • Endogenous wake-promoting neuropeptide / research • Experimental

Endogenous 33-amino-acid hypothalamic neuropeptide central to arousal and wakefulness. Loss of orexin-producing neurons causes narcolepsy type 1. Studied as an intranasal research compound; not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved oral small-molecule GLP-1 agonist • Established

FDA-approved April 1, 2026 (Foundayo). Once-daily non-peptide oral GLP-1 receptor agonist for chronic weight management without food or water timing restrictions.

Fat Loss • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation sold in the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, supplied as a complex of low-molecular-weight peptides extracted from animal tissue rather than a single characterised compound. Sources disagree on which organ it is intended to support, which is itself a reason for caution when interpreting product claims. No controlled human evidence exists and it is not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Endogenous dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist • Experimental

Naturally occurring 37-amino-acid gut hormone that activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. It is the endogenous template for the dual-agonist drug class and is studied rather than marketed. Not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved nonapeptide hormone • Established

FDA-approved nonapeptide (Pitocin) for labor induction/augmentation and postpartum hemorrhage. Intranasal research use for social cognition is not an approved indication.

Cognitive • Neurotrophic fragment / research • Experimental

Short nootropic peptide associated with Cerebrolysin-derived fragments in research catalogs. Distinct from the p21 CDK inhibitor protein. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Endogenous neuropeptide / research • Experimental

38-aa neuropeptide that activates PAC1/VPAC receptors. Research tool in migraine, neuroprotection, and metabolic models. Not FDA-approved as a drug.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic matrikine • Experimental

Palmitoylated hexapeptide used in topical anti-ageing formulations, frequently combined with other matrikines. Regulated as a cosmetic ingredient; not FDA-approved as a drug.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic matrikine • Experimental

Palmitoylated KTTKS matrikine (Matrixyl) used in anti-wrinkle cosmetics. Not an FDA drug. Not WADA-prohibited as a cosmetic peptide.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic matrikine • Experimental

Palmitoylated GQPR tetrapeptide used to reduce IL-6 in stressed skin models and paired with pal-tripeptide-1 in Matrixyl 3000.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic copper-free GHK analog • Experimental

The GHK tripeptide supplied with a palmitic acid chain attached to improve penetration through the outer skin barrier, and without the bound copper of GHK-Cu. It is used topically as a matrikine, a peptide fragment that signals matrix turnover to dermal fibroblasts, and is most often formulated alongside palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7. Regulated as a cosmetic ingredient rather than a drug, and not FDA-approved for any therapeutic use.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic TGF-β mimetic tripeptide • Experimental

Lipidated tripeptide marketed under the Syn-Coll name and used topically in firming and anti-ageing formulations. It is described as a thrombospondin-1 mimetic, intended to promote activation of transforming growth factor beta already present in the dermis rather than to supply new growth factor. Evidence comes predominantly from supplier research and small cosmetic studies. A cosmetic active, not a drug, and not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Khavinson pancreatic bioregulator / research • Experimental

Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, a synthetic tetrapeptide in the Khavinson bioregulator series associated with pancreatic tissue, with reported effects on carbohydrate metabolism markers in animal models. It should not be confused with Suprefort, the tissue extract marketed for the same organ. The supporting literature is regional and uncontrolled, and it is not FDA-approved or a treatment for diabetes.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved multi-receptor somatostatin analog • Established

Somatostatin analog with a broader receptor binding profile than octreotide, approved for Cushing disease and for acromegaly in patients inadequately controlled by surgery or other somatostatin analogs.

Cognitive • TREK-1 research peptide • Experimental

Shortened analog of spadin, a peptide derived from sortilin maturation, which blocks the TREK-1 potassium channel. Because mice lacking TREK-1 show a depression-resistant phenotype, the channel became an antidepressant target, and PE-22-28 produces antidepressant-like effects in rodents within days rather than the weeks required by monoamine reuptake inhibitors. Preclinical only, with no human trials, and not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • PEGylated IGF-1 splice variant / research • Experimental

PEGylated mechano-growth-factor (IGF-1Ec) analog sold for muscle-repair research. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 (IGF / MGF).

Fat Loss • FDA-approved growth hormone receptor antagonist • Established

PEGylated growth hormone analog approved for acromegaly in patients with inadequate response to surgery, radiotherapy, or other medical therapy. It is a receptor antagonist rather than an agonist.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1/glucagon agonist • Emerging

Investigational dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors from Altimmune, weighted toward glucagon activity relative to others in its class. It is in development for obesity and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, where reducing hepatic fat is the therapeutic target. Not FDA-approved, and efficacy and safety remain under investigation.

Muscle/Recovery • BPC-157 arginate salt / research • Experimental

Arginate salt form of the BPC-157 pentadecapeptide, marketed as a more stable alternative to the acetate salt. Not FDA-approved. Published research on the arginate form specifically is minimal; nearly all available evidence concerns BPC-157 itself.

Fat Loss • Investigational amylin analog • Emerging

Investigational long-acting amylin receptor agonist from Zealand Pharma, engineered for once-weekly dosing and in clinical development for obesity. Amylin agonists reduce food intake through hindbrain pathways separate from incretin signalling, so they are being studied both alone and alongside GLP-1 receptor agonists. Not FDA-approved.

Cognitive • Khavinson pineal tripeptide / research • Experimental

Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved guanylate cyclase-C agonist • Established

Orally administered uroguanylin analog approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Like linaclotide it acts locally on intestinal epithelium with minimal systemic exposure.

Experimental • Experimental anticancer peptide / research • Experimental

Experimental peptide containing a p53 motif designed to lyse cancer-cell membranes in preclinical papers. Not FDA-approved; not a cancer treatment.

Fat Loss • GHRP-2 / diagnostic GH secretagogue • Experimental

Pralmorelin is GHRP-2, used as a GH-stimulation diagnostic in Japan. Research vials are not that approved diagnostic. WADA S2 names GHRP-2 (pralmorelin).

Fat Loss • FDA-approved amylin analog • Established

FDA-approved amylin analog (Symlin) used with mealtime insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia risk requires insulin dose reduction.

Experimental • Khavinson prostate bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from prostate tissue and sold as a prostate bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. It is a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides rather than a single characterised compound, so no specific mechanism can be attributed to it. It is not a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia or any other prostate condition, has no controlled trial evidence, and is not FDA-approved.

Cosmetic • Hair-follicle Wnt research peptide • Experimental

Cell-penetrating peptide designed to block CXXC5–Dishevelled binding and enhance Wnt signaling in hair-growth mouse models. Not FDA-approved.

Muscle/Recovery • PTH fragment / research or compounded • Experimental

PTH(1–34) analog class. The FDA-approved drug is teriparatide (Forteo/Bonsity). Research or compounded vials are not those products.

Fat Loss • Investigational ghrelin analog • Emerging

Investigational pentapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist developed principally for its gastrointestinal rather than endocrine effects. Ghrelin receptors on enteric neurons accelerate gastric emptying when activated, and relamorelin has been studied mainly in diabetic gastroparesis, where delayed emptying drives the symptoms. Clinical development has been mixed and it is not FDA-approved for any indication.

Fat Loss • Investigational triple agonist • Emerging

Lilly triple agonist (GIP, GLP-1, glucagon receptors). Phase 3 TRIUMPH program reported large weight-loss effects in 2025–2026; BLA planned around 2027. Not FDA-approved.

FDA-approved gastrointestinal hormone • Established

Synthetic human 27-amino-acid gastrointestinal hormone approved as a diagnostic agent to stimulate pancreatic secretions, to stimulate gastrin secretion in suspected gastrinoma, and to aid identification of the ampulla during endoscopy.

Cognitive • Anxiolytic tuftsin analog / research • Experimental

Synthetic heptapeptide combining the immunomodulatory tetrapeptide tuftsin with a stabilising tail, developed in Russia as an anxiolytic and most often used intranasally. It has been studied for anxiety without the sedation or dependence associated with benzodiazepines, and retains some immune-modulating activity from its tuftsin origin. Not FDA-approved; the supporting clinical literature is largely Russian-language.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist • Established

FDA-approved long-acting GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic/Rybelsus) and chronic weight management (Wegovy). Weekly injection or daily oral tablet. Not WADA-prohibited (monitoring program).

Fat Loss • Approved incretin class overview • Established

Library comparison card for two FDA-approved weekly incretins: semaglutide (GLP-1) and tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1). Not a single combination drug.

Cognitive • ACTH fragment nootropic / research • Experimental

Synthetic analog of the ACTH(4-10) fragment with a stabilising tail added, developed in Russia and used there as an intranasal nootropic and neuroprotective agent for stroke and cognitive indications. It has no corticotropic activity despite its ACTH origin. Reported activity centres on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and monoamine modulation. Not FDA-approved, and the clinical literature is almost entirely Russian-language with limited independent replication.

Recombinant human relaxin-2 / discontinued • Emerging

Recombinant form of the human hormone relaxin-2, investigated for acute heart failure. A large phase 3 outcomes trial did not meet its primary endpoints and development was discontinued. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • GHRH(1-29) / discontinued US brand • Experimental

GHRH(1-29), the shortest fragment of growth hormone-releasing hormone that retains full activity at the pituitary GHRH receptor. It was marketed in the United States as Geref for paediatric growth hormone deficiency and as a diagnostic agent; the brand was discontinued in 2008 for commercial rather than safety reasons, and it remains available through compounding pharmacies. Because it stimulates the pituitary rather than replacing the hormone, it requires an intact somatotroph axis. Prohibited in sport under WADA class S2.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved MC4R agonist • Established

FDA-approved MC4R agonist (Imcivree) for rare genetic obesities (POMC, PCSK1, LEPR deficiency, Bardet-Biedl). Daily SC injection, not a general-obesity drug.

Cosmetic • Cosmetic EGF / research • Experimental

Recombinant or fragment EGF used in cosmetics as sh-oligopeptide-1. Topical cosmetic; injectable EGF is a different, unapproved proposition.

Fat Loss • ERR agonist / small molecule research • Experimental

Pan-estrogen-related-receptor agonist studied as an exercise mimetic in mice (2023). Not a peptide and not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved long-acting growth hormone • Established

Once-weekly albumin-binding growth hormone derivative approved for growth hormone deficiency in adults and in children. It reduces injection frequency from daily to weekly.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved long-acting growth hormone fusion protein • Established

Long-acting recombinant human growth hormone in which the hormone is fused to three copies of the C-terminal peptide of the chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit. The added glycosylation slows clearance enough for once-weekly rather than daily injection. Marketed as Ngenla and FDA-approved for growth hormone deficiency in children, it is a prescription medicine.

Longevity • Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide / research • Experimental

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide from the same Szeto-Schiller series as elamipretide, distinguished by lacking the dimethyltyrosine residue that gives elamipretide its cardiolipin affinity. Not FDA-approved; preclinical only.

Fat Loss • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from pancreatic tissue and marketed as a pancreatic bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication, and no controlled human efficacy trials have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators rather than studies of this specific preparation.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1/glucagon agonist • Emerging

Investigational dual agonist at the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors, developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma and studied in phase 3 trials for obesity and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. The glucagon component acts directly on hepatocytes to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation, which is why liver endpoints feature alongside weight. Not FDA-approved for any indication.

Longevity • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from liver tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

Fat Loss • Oral growth hormone secretagogue / discontinued • Emerging

Orally active growth hormone secretagogue investigated for growth hormone deficiency. Development was discontinued. Not FDA-approved.

Muscle/Recovery • Thymosin β4 fragment / research • Experimental

Usually sold as an acetylated thymosin-β4 actin-binding fragment (LKKTETQ), not full-length Tβ4. Not FDA-approved. Related to prohibited thymosin-β4 use in sport.

FDA-approved GLP-2 analog • Established

Recombinant analog of glucagon-like peptide-2 approved for adults and children with short bowel syndrome who depend on parenteral support. It is the only approved peptide acting specifically on intestinal mucosal growth.

Muscle/Recovery • FDA-approved PTH(1-34) • Established

FDA-approved PTH(1–34) anabolic agent (Forteo/Bonsity) for osteoporosis at high fracture risk. 20 mcg SC daily; cumulative use generally ≤2 years.

FDA-approved vasopressin prodrug • Established

Synthetic vasopressin prodrug approved in the United States to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome and rapid reduction in renal function. Used more widely outside the US for variceal bleeding.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GHRH analog • Established

FDA-approved GHRH analog (Egrifta) to reduce excess visceral abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. WADA still prohibits tesamorelin (S2) in sport.

Fat Loss • Triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor / investigational • Emerging

Small-molecule triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor originally developed for neurodegenerative disease and later investigated for obesity. Not FDA-approved. It is widely sold as a research chemical despite having no approved indication in the United States.

Experimental • Khavinson endocrine bioregulator / research • Experimental

Short peptide sold as a testicular/endocrine bioregulator. Not FDA-approved; not a testosterone secretagogue with modern RCT evidence.

Experimental • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from testicular tissue and sold as a male endocrine bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. It is a complex of low-molecular-weight peptides rather than a single defined molecule, and is distinct from Testagen, the synthetic tetrapeptide associated with the same tissue. It is not a treatment for hypogonadism or a substitute for testosterone therapy, and it is not FDA-approved.

Experimental • Thymic polypeptide extract / research • Experimental

Thymus-derived polypeptide preparation used in some countries as an immunomodulator. Not FDA-approved; composition is an extract, not a single sequence.

Experimental • Thymic dipeptide / research • Experimental

Glu-Trp, a synthetic dipeptide identified as the active fragment of thymopoietin and also known as oglufanide. Despite its very small size it has been studied as an immunomodulator affecting T-cell differentiation and innate immune function, and is used in some CIS markets for that purpose. Its plasma half-life is measured in minutes, which constrains how it can be given. Not FDA-approved.

Experimental • Thymic peptide / research • Experimental

Vendor thymic-immune peptide listing; identity may overlap thymulin/thymogen/thymalin depending on supplier. Not FDA-approved.

Experimental • Thymopoietin fragment / research • Experimental

Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to residues 32 to 36 of thymopoietin, the fragment that carries its immunologically active sequence. Used in some countries as an immunomodulator; not FDA-approved.

Experimental • Thymic peptide / approved outside US • Experimental

28-aa thymic peptide (thymalfasin). Approved in several countries (Zadaxin) for hepatitis B and as an immune adjuvant; not FDA-approved in the US.

Muscle/Recovery • Actin-sequestering peptide / research • Experimental

43-aa G-actin-sequestering peptide studied for wound healing and cardiac repair (timbetasin programs). Not FDA-approved. Distinct from the shorter TB-500 fragment.

Experimental • Thymic nonapeptide / research • Experimental

Zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide, also called facteur thymique serique, secreted by thymic epithelial cells. It is biologically inactive until zinc binds and fixes it in the active conformation, so its activity tracks zinc status as well as peptide concentration. It has been studied for T-cell differentiation and, separately, for anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in animal models. Circulating levels fall with age as the thymus involutes. Not FDA-approved as a drug.

Experimental • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from thyroid tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

FDA-approved recombinant TSH • Established

Recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone approved as an adjunctive diagnostic for serum thyroglobulin testing with or without radioiodine imaging, and as an adjunct to radioiodine ablation of thyroid remnant tissue.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved dual incretin agonist • Established

FDA-approved weekly dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound). Typical titration 2.5→15 mg. Not WADA-prohibited (monitoring).

Cosmetic • Cosmetic firming peptide • Experimental

Fluorinated tripeptide marketed in topical firming products, sold commercially under the Progeline name. Regulated as a cosmetic ingredient; not FDA-approved as a drug.

FDA-approved depot GnRH agonist • Established

FDA-approved depot GnRH agonist (Trelstar) for advanced prostate cancer. Causes flare then downregulation of LH/testosterone. WADA S2.

Experimental • Endogenous immunostimulatory tetrapeptide • Experimental

Naturally occurring tetrapeptide derived from the Fc region of immunoglobulin G, studied for effects on phagocytes. It is the structural parent of Selank. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Endogenous neuropeptide / research • Experimental

28-aa neuropeptide vasodilator and VPAC agonist. Aviptadil (synthetic VIP) has been studied in pulmonary settings but VIP itself is not an FDA-approved general-use drug.

FDA-approved antidiuretic hormone • Established

Endogenous nonapeptide hormone, available as a prescription intravenous product, approved to raise blood pressure in adults with vasodilatory shock who remain hypotensive despite fluids and catecholamines.

Muscle/Recovery • Khavinson vascular bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from vascular tissue and sold as a cardiovascular bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. It is a mixture of low-molecular-weight peptides rather than a single characterised compound, and is distinct from Vesugen, the synthetic tripeptide associated with the same tissue. Supporting evidence is historical, regional and uncontrolled, and it is not FDA-approved.

Muscle/Recovery • Khavinson vascular tripeptide / research • Experimental

Lys-Glu-Asp, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson bioregulator series associated with vascular tissue and endothelial function. It is distinct from Ventfort, the tissue extract marketed for the same purpose. The proposed activity rests on cell-culture and cytogenetic work from one research group published mainly in Russian, without independent replication or controlled human evidence. Not FDA-approved.

Longevity • Khavinson dipeptide / research • Experimental

Lys-Glu, a synthetic dipeptide and one of the shortest members of the Khavinson bioregulator series, studied for immune and geroprotective endpoints. Reported findings include effects on lymphocyte proliferation and on chromatin structure in ageing cells, largely from one research group in Russian-language journals. As a dipeptide its proposed nuclear access is more plausible on size grounds than for longer peptides, but no controlled human trials exist and it is not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Investigational dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist • Emerging

Investigational dual agonist of the GLP-1 and GIP receptors in clinical development for obesity and metabolic disease, in both injectable and oral formulations. Not FDA-approved.

Experimental • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from thymus tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved C-type natriuretic peptide analog • Established

Analog of C-type natriuretic peptide approved to increase linear growth in children with achondroplasia who have open epiphyses.

Muscle/Recovery • Regenerative blend • Experimental

Common shop blend of BPC-157 plus TB-500. Not a single API. Both components are unapproved and WADA-relevant (BPC-157 is S0; TB-500/Tβ4 is prohibited-class).

Longevity • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from female reproductive tissue tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

FDA-approved N-type calcium channel blocker • Established

Synthetic equivalent of a cone snail venom peptide, approved for severe chronic pain in adults for whom intrathecal therapy is warranted and who are intolerant of or refractory to other treatments.

Cosmetic • Zinc-bound thymic nonapeptide / research • Experimental

Zinc-complexed form of thymulin, the thymic nonapeptide that requires bound zinc for biological activity. Investigated for immune modulation and, topically, for hair growth. Not FDA-approved.