NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
Also known as: β-NAD
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), also called β-NAD, is a redox coenzyme. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a redox coenzyme that cycles between oxidised and reduced forms as a hydride acceptor in the dehydrogenase reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and fatty-acid oxidation.
For research use only.
Key Facts
- CAS
- 53-84-9
- Molecular Weight (MW)
- 663.43 g/mol
- Half-life
- Minutes to hours (rapidly metabolized)
- FDA status
- Not Approved
- Evidence level
- Limited Human Evidence
- Human dose established
- No
- Administration Route
- Not established in humans
- Frequency
- Not established in humans
- Last updated
- Sep 6, 2026
- Reviewed
- Aug 30, 2026
- Targets
- SirtuinsPARPsRedox enzymes
Vendor price snapshot
Each vendor counts once, at the median price per mg of its own listings; the typical range is the middle half of vendors. From public vendor listings collected between Nov 2025 and Sep 2026, so confirm the live price on the vendor site. Peptide Library does not sell peptides.
- Vendors listing this peptide
- 37
- Listed offers
- 56
- Median price per mg
- $0.150/mg
- Typical $0.128–$0.234/mg
Research summary
Essential redox cofactor sold as IV clinic infusions and oral precursors (NR/NMN). NAD+ itself is not FDA-approved as a drug for anti-aging.
Peptide Library's NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) profile summarises 5 cited studies listed in the Science section, the compound's regulatory status, and research-protocol parameters reported for it. It is a research reference, not medical advice.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) dosage: no established human dose
NAD+ itself has no established human dosage. The substantial human trial literature tests oral NAD+ precursors, chiefly nicotinamide riboside at 1000 mg daily and escalating to 3000 mg daily, not NAD+ administered directly. The intravenous and subcutaneous NAD+ sold in the wellness and peptide market has no controlled trial establishing a dose, a rate or an interval.
No established human dosage.
Human clinical evidence: None identified.
Preclinical research: NAD+ is a ubiquitous cellular cofactor rather than a drug candidate, and it is poorly suited to direct administration - the molecule does not readily cross cell membranes intact, which is why the entire clinical research programme in this area uses precursors such as nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide that cells can take up and convert. Human trials of those precursors are numerous and report real doses. None of them establishes a dose for NAD+ given directly by infusion or injection, and precursor dosing is not converted into one here.
Animal dosing is not converted into a human dose anywhere on this page. Where research figures appear below, they are reported as studied, not recommended.
| Human dosing established | No |
|---|---|
| Route | Oral, as a precursor, in the trial literature |
| Frequency | Twice daily in the dose-optimisation trial |
| Duration studied | 12 weeks in the dose-optimisation trial |
| Evidence level | Limited Human Evidence |
| Last reviewed | 2026-09-05 |
Preclinical and analog research
Not human dosing evidence. Listed for completeness and never extrapolated to a human dose.
| Study / context | Population | Dose | Route | Frequency | Duration | Outcome studied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N-DOSE - phase 2 dose-optimisation trial of nicotinamide ribosideClinical trial · Phase 2 dose-optimisation trial of a precursor, not NAD+ itselfStudied an analog, not NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) itself | Participants with Parkinson's disease (n=81) | Nicotinamide riboside 1000 mg daily as 500 mg twice daily, with an escalation arm up to 3000 mg daily | Oral | Twice daily | 12 weeks | Dose optimisation and NAD+ augmentation | NCT05589766 - N-DOSE: A Dose Optimization Trial of Nicotinamide Riboside in Parkinson's Disease |
| Comparison of three NAD+ boostersClinical trial · Human trial of oral precursors, not NAD+ itselfStudied an analog, not NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) itself | Human participants | Per trial protocol, oral precursors | Oral | — | — | Differential impact on circulatory NAD and related metabolites | The differential impact of three different NAD(+) boosters on circulatory NAD and related metabolites. Nat Metab. 2026. |
| NCT05517122 - oral NAD+ precursors and blood NAD+ concentrationsClinical trial · Interventional study of precursors, not NAD+ itselfStudied an analog, not NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) itself | Participants (n=68) | Per trial protocol, oral precursors | Oral | — | — | Blood NAD+ concentration | NCT05517122 - Effect of Oral NAD+ Precursors Administration on Blood NAD+ Concentrations |
Where sources disagree
- Intravenous NAD+ protocols of 250-1000 mg per infusion are widely offered and widely quoted. No controlled trial establishes an intravenous NAD+ dose, infusion rate or interval, and the trial literature cited for NAD+ benefits almost always used an oral precursor instead.
- Trials of nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide are routinely cited as evidence for NAD+ injections. They are flagged here as analog evidence: a precursor taken by mouth is a different intervention from the cofactor given intravenously.
- NAD+ is not a peptide. It is a dinucleotide cofactor, sold alongside peptides but sharing neither their structure nor their pharmacology.
Reconstitution
Common research vial sizes: 500 mg, 750 mg.
| Vial | Bacteriostatic water | Concentration | Per 0.01 mL |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500 mg | 5 mL | 100 mg/mL | 1 mg per 0.01 mL |
| 750 mg | 5 mL | 150 mg/mL | 1.5 mg per 0.01 mL |
These figures are arithmetic only — they convert a vial and a volume into a concentration. They are not a recommendation to take any dose.
Calculate reconstitution & dose →Handling & administration
- Reconstitution Guide
- Use sterile saline or bacteriostatic water per clinic protocol
- Injection Sites
- GluteDeltoid
- Concentration Example
- 500 mg / 5 mL = 100 mg/mL
- Timing Notes
- Morning preferred to avoid sleep disruption
- Expected Onset
- 1–2 sessions
How to reconstitute NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
- Check the vial size and diluent volume. The profile example for NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is: Use sterile saline or bacteriostatic water per clinic protocol.
- Swab both vial stoppers and draw the bacteriostatic water into a sterile syringe.
- Add the water slowly down the inside wall of the peptide vial so it does not jet onto the powder, then swirl gently until the solution is clear. Do not shake.
- Record the resulting concentration: 500 mg / 5 mL = 100 mg/mL.
- Label the vial with the date and concentration, refrigerate it (see Storage & stability below), and use the calculator preset to convert a dose in mcg into syringe units.
Open the peptide calculator with the NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) preset →
Sequence & molecular data
| Molecular formula | C21H27N7O14P2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 663.43 g/mol |
| CAS number | 53-84-9 |
| Half-life | Minutes to hours (rapidly metabolized) |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Formulation | Lyophilized Powder |
| PubChem CID | 5892 |
| FDA UNII | 0U46U6E8UK |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1234613 |
| DrugBank | DB14128 |
Identifiers link to the public PubChem, FDA Substance Registration (UNII), ChEMBL and DrugBank records for the same entity.
Science
Mechanism of Action
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a redox coenzyme that cycles between oxidised and reduced forms as a hydride acceptor in the dehydrogenase reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and fatty-acid oxidation. Separately from that catalytic role it is consumed as a substrate by sirtuins, PARP enzymes and CD38, which cleave it and release nicotinamide — linking cellular NAD+ availability to deacetylation signalling, DNA repair and calcium signalling. Tissue NAD+ declines with age in several models, which is the basis of interest in restoring it. Whether intravenous NAD+ itself raises intracellular concentrations is not well established, since the intact dinucleotide is thought to be degraded extracellularly before uptake; most controlled human data concerns oral precursors rather than NAD+ itself.
Origin
Endogenous dinucleotide; manufactured as a chemical.
Targets
Studies
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence
- The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
- Novel Approach to Skin Anti-Aging: Boosting Pharmacological Effects of Exogenous Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD(+)) by Synergistic Inhibition of CD38 Expression
Regulatory & research status
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is not an FDA-approved product. It is sold for laboratory research and has no approved medical use.
| FDA status | Not Approved |
|---|---|
| Availability | OTC / Supplement |
| WADA (sport) | Permitted |
| Library classification | Research-Only |
Benefits
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) side effects
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) has only limited human data, so the list below is incomplete and its side-effect profile is not well established.
Side Effects
- IV: chest tightness, nausea, flushing
- Expensive infusions of uncertain benefit
Contraindications
- Active cancer (consult physician)
- Pregnancy
Stacking
Common stacking partners
Combinations that include NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), with the proposed rationale, an evidence grade and what is not established, are catalogued in the peptide stacks directory.
Storage & stability
Lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptide powder is far more stable than the reconstituted solution. Keep sealed vials cold, dry and away from light; long-term storage is typically frozen, with short-term refrigeration for vials in use.
Once reconstituted in bacteriostatic water, keep the solution refrigerated, avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles and agitation, and label the vial with the reconstitution date and concentration. Discard any solution that turns cloudy or shows particulates.
Degradation rates differ by sequence: peptides containing methionine, cysteine, asparagine or glutamine are more prone to oxidation and deamidation, so shelf life after reconstitution is compound-specific rather than universal.
Read the full guide: how to store peptides before and after reconstitution →
Source: Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharm Res. 2010;27(4):544–575. (PMID 20143256). General guidance for research handling; not product-specific instructions.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide): frequently asked questions
What is NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)?
Essential redox cofactor sold as IV clinic infusions and oral precursors (NR/NMN). NAD+ itself is not FDA-approved as a drug for anti-aging.
How does NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) work?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a redox coenzyme that cycles between oxidised and reduced forms as a hydride acceptor in the dehydrogenase reactions of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and fatty-acid oxidation. Separately from that catalytic role it is consumed as a substrate by sirtuins, PARP enzymes and CD38, which cleave it and release nicotinamide — linking cellular NAD+ availability to deacetylation signalling, DNA repair and calcium signalling.
Is NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) FDA approved?
No. NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is not approved by the FDA for any indication and is categorised as otc / supplement. It has not been reviewed for safety or efficacy as a medicine, and published research should be read as investigation rather than established use.
What is the half-life of NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)?
Reported half-life for NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is Minutes to hours (rapidly metabolized). Half-life describes how long the compound persists in circulation, not how long any effect lasts, and published figures vary with route of administration, formulation and the population studied.
Is NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) banned in sport?
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is recorded here as permitted in sport. Anti-doping status is revised annually, so athletes subject to testing should confirm against the current WADA Prohibited List before use.
What peptides are similar to NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)?
Compounds most often compared with NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) include MOTS-C, Humanin, Humanin-G (HNG) and SS-20. They are grouped by shared mechanism or research area rather than by equivalence, and their regulatory status and evidence base differ.
References
- PubChem NAD+External reference
- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial — Sci Rep, 2023External reference
- NAD⁺ supplementation for anti-aging and wellness: A PRISMA-guided systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence — Ageing Res Rev, 2026External reference
- The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial — Geroscience, 2023External reference
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women — Science, 2021External reference
- Novel Approach to Skin Anti-Aging: Boosting Pharmacological Effects of Exogenous Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD(+)) by Synergistic Inhibition of CD38 Expression — Cells, 2024External reference
Related research, comparisons & guides
- NAD+ IV Therapy: What It Costs, What It Does, and What the Trials Show
- NAD+ Injections: The One on This List That Is Not a Peptide
- Peptide stacks: combinations by research goalStacks
- Peptide dosage chart: dose, route and frequencyCategory
- Peptide calculator with the NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) preset
- How to store peptides before and after reconstitution
Related peptides
Compiled by Peptide Library Editorial · Reviewed Aug 30, 2026 · Updated Sep 6, 2026 · Version 3
This NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) profile is compiled from published literature (5 cited studies linked above), public regulatory records and chemical registries. It describes what research reports; it is not medical advice, and nothing here is a dosing recommendation for humans. Peptide Library does not sell peptides. Editorial policy · How profiles are compiled · Report an error
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