Pinealon
Also known as: Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR, Pineal bioregulator
Pinealon (also called Glu-Asp-Arg or EDR) is a khavinson pineal tripeptide in the Short Peptide Bioregulator class. Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue.
For research use only.
Key Facts
- CAS
- 175337-90-3
- Molecular Weight (MW)
- 450.41 g/mol
- Half-life
- Not established in humans
- FDA status
- Not Approved
- Administration Route
- —
- Frequency
- —
- Last updated
- Sep 26, 2026
- Reviewed
- Aug 30, 2026
- Targets
- CNS / pineal (proposed)
Vendor price snapshot
Each vendor counts once, at the median price per mg of its own listings; the typical range is the middle half of vendors. From public vendor listings collected between Dec 2025 and Sep 2026, so confirm the live price on the vendor site. Peptide Library does not sell peptides.
- Vendors listing this peptide
- 8
- Listed offers
- 9
- Median price per mg
- $3.37/mg
- Typical $3.25–$3.64/mg
Research summary
Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved.
Peptide Library's Pinealon profile summarises 5 cited studies listed in the Science section, the compound's regulatory status, and research-protocol parameters reported for it. It is a research reference, not medical advice.
Protocol
- Dosage Range
- Not established for FDA-approved use
- Frequency
- —
- Cycle
- —
- Administration Route
- —
- Reconstitution Guide
- —
Not yet checked against primary sources
These figures are compiled from earlier reference material. They have not been verified against FDA labelling, registered trials or published literature, no citation is attached to them, and none of them is a recommended dose. Pinealon is queued for dosage evidence review.
Compare reported doses across the whole librarySequence & molecular data
| Amino acid sequence | Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR) |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C15H26N6O8 |
| Molecular weight | 450.41 g/mol |
| CAS number | 175337-90-3 |
| Half-life | Not established in humans |
| Appearance | White lyophilized powder (research) |
| Formulation | Lyophilized Powder |
| PubChem CID | 10273502 |
Identifiers link to the public PubChem, FDA Substance Registration (UNII), ChEMBL and DrugBank records for the same entity.
Science
Mechanism of Action
Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. It is among the more studied members of the series, with reports that it penetrates cell nuclei and influences expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, and that it reduces markers of oxidative neuronal injury in models of hypoxia and prenatal stress. It has also been linked to normalisation of melatonin rhythm. The work originates largely from one group and is published mainly in Russian-language journals; large randomised trials have not been conducted and no receptor-mediated pathway has been demonstrated.
Origin
Synthetic Glu-Asp-Arg.
Targets
Studies
- Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction
- Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions
- [Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia]
- [Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon]
- [Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.]
Regulatory & research status
Pinealon is not an FDA-approved product. It is sold for laboratory research and has no approved medical use.
| FDA status | Not Approved |
|---|---|
| Availability | Research-Only |
| WADA (sport) | Unknown / Not Listed |
| Library classification | Research-Only |
Benefits
Pinealon side effects
Side Effects
- Not well characterized
Storage & stability
Lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptide powder is far more stable than the reconstituted solution. Keep sealed vials cold, dry and away from light; long-term storage is typically frozen, with short-term refrigeration for vials in use.
Once reconstituted in bacteriostatic water, keep the solution refrigerated, avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles and agitation, and label the vial with the reconstitution date and concentration. Discard any solution that turns cloudy or shows particulates.
Degradation rates differ by sequence: peptides containing methionine, cysteine, asparagine or glutamine are more prone to oxidation and deamidation, so shelf life after reconstitution is compound-specific rather than universal.
Read the full guide: how to store peptides before and after reconstitution →
Source: Manning MC, Chou DK, Murphy BM, Payne RW, Katayama DS. Stability of protein pharmaceuticals: an update. Pharm Res. 2010;27(4):544–575. (PMID 20143256). General guidance for research handling; not product-specific instructions.
Pinealon: frequently asked questions
What is Pinealon?
Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved.
What are the side effects of Pinealon?
Pinealon has no controlled human safety data, so its side-effect profile is not well established. No specific adverse effects are well documented. This is reference information, not medical advice.
How does Pinealon work?
Pinealon is Glu-Asp-Arg, a synthetic tripeptide in the Khavinson series associated with brain and pineal tissue. It is among the more studied members of the series, with reports that it penetrates cell nuclei and influences expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, and that it reduces markers of oxidative neuronal injury in models of hypoxia and prenatal stress.
Is Pinealon FDA approved?
No. Pinealon is not approved by the FDA for any indication and is categorised as research-only. It has not been reviewed for safety or efficacy as a medicine, and published research should be read as investigation rather than established use.
What is the half-life of Pinealon?
Reported half-life for Pinealon is Not established in humans. Half-life describes how long the compound persists in circulation, not how long any effect lasts, and published figures vary with route of administration, formulation and the population studied.
What is the amino acid sequence of Pinealon?
Pinealon has the sequence Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR), giving a chain of 3 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C15H26N6O8.
What peptides are similar to Pinealon?
Compounds most often compared with Pinealon include Epitalon, Klotho, FOXO4-DRI and NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide). They are grouped by shared mechanism or research area rather than by equivalence, and their regulatory status and evidence base differ.
References
- Role of Mono- and Divalent Ions in Peptide Glu-Asp-Arg-DNA Interaction — J Phys Chem B, 2019External reference
- Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions — J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev, 2026External reference
- [Pinealon and Cortexin influence on behavior and neurochemical processes in 18-month aged rats within hypoxia and hypothermia] — Adv Gerontol, 2015External reference
- [Regulation of content of cytokines in blood serum and of caspase-3 activity in brains of old rats in model of sharp hypoxic hypoxia with Cortexin and Pinealon] — Adv Gerontol, 2014External reference
- [Prospects for use of short peptides in pharmacotherapeutic correction of Alzheimer's disease.] — Adv Gerontol, 2024External reference
Related research, comparisons & guides
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Compiled by Peptide Library Editorial · Reviewed Aug 30, 2026 · Updated Sep 26, 2026 · Version 3
This Pinealon profile is compiled from published literature (5 cited studies linked above), public regulatory records and chemical registries. It describes what research reports; it is not medical advice, and nothing here is a dosing recommendation for humans. Peptide Library does not sell peptides. Editorial policy · How profiles are compiled · Report an error
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