GLP-1 and metabolic peptides

Fat Loss • Small Molecule / Metabolic • Experimental

Small-molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) inhibitor studied for NAD+ metabolism and body-composition research. Not an FDA-approved drug.

Fat Loss • Experimental fat-vasculature targeting peptide • Experimental

Experimental chimeric peptide designed to induce apoptosis in white-adipose vasculature via prohibitin targeting. Not FDA-approved; development did not yield a drug.

Fat Loss • AMPK activator / research • Experimental

Adenosine analog studied as an AMP-activated protein kinase activator in metabolic and exercise-physiology research. Not FDA-approved. It is prohibited in sport under the WADA gene and metabolic modulators category.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1 + amylin unimolecular agonist • Emerging

Novo Nordisk unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor agonist in oral and subcutaneous forms, advancing to Phase 3. Not FDA-approved. Distinct from CagriSema.

Fat Loss • Mas receptor agonist / research • Experimental

Synthetic Mas-receptor agonist related to angiotensin-(1-7) biology, studied in cardiometabolic and fibrosis models. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • GH C-terminal fragment analog • Experimental

Modified C-terminal hGH fragment studied for lipolysis without GH-receptor growth effects. Not FDA-approved. WADA prohibits GH fragments including AOD-9604 (S2).

Fat Loss • Mitochondrial uncoupler / small molecule • Experimental

Mitochondrial protonophore uncoupler used in metabolic research to increase energy expenditure independently of beta-oxidation stimulation. Not FDA-approved; not a peptide.

Fat Loss • Investigational amylin analog • Emerging

Long-acting amylin analog from Novo Nordisk in Phase 3 obesity programs, including the CagriSema combination with semaglutide. Not FDA-approved as of 2026.

Fat Loss • Investigational amylin + GLP-1 combination • Emerging

Fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide plus semaglutide in Novo Nordisk Phase 3 REDEFINE programs. Not FDA-approved as of 2026.

Fat Loss • Investigational dual incretin/glucagon agonist • Emerging

AstraZeneca GLP-1/glucagon receptor dual agonist studied for NASH and type 2 diabetes. Clinical development has been mixed; not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved weekly GLP-1 agonist • Established

FDA-approved once-weekly GLP-1 Fc-fusion peptide (Trulicity) for type 2 diabetes and CV risk reduction in eligible T2D populations.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1 receptor agonist • Emerging

Investigational long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist in clinical development for obesity and type 2 diabetes, studied primarily in China. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Investigational long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist • Emerging

Long-acting exendin-based GLP-1 receptor agonist studied for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist • Established

Synthetic form of exendin-4 and the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved in the United States, marketed as Byetta (twice daily) and Bydureon (extended release). Approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Fat Loss • GH C-terminal fragment / research • Experimental

C-terminal fragment of human GH studied for lipolysis. Closely related to AOD-9604. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 (GH fragments).

Fat Loss • FDA-approved pancreatic hormone • Established

Endogenous 29-amino-acid pancreatic hormone, approved as an emergency treatment for severe hypoglycaemia and as a diagnostic aid to inhibit gastrointestinal motility during imaging. Available as injection and nasal powder.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved recombinant growth hormone • Established

FDA-approved recombinant 191-aa human growth hormone for GH deficiency and other labeled indications. WADA prohibits GH at all times (S2).

Fat Loss • FDA-approved daily GLP-1 agonist • Established

FDA-approved once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes (Victoza, up to 1.8 mg) and chronic weight management (Saxenda, up to 3 mg).

Fat Loss • Khavinson liver bioregulator / research • Experimental

Short synthetic peptide marketed as a hepatic bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. Published work is largely Russian-language and class-level, and no controlled human trials evaluating this specific peptide for liver outcomes have been indexed.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist • Established

Once-daily short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4, approved for glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes and also formulated in fixed-ratio combination with insulin glargine.

Fat Loss • Investigational GIP antagonist / GLP-1 agonist antibody-peptide • Emerging

Amgen bispecific molecule (GIPR antagonist + GLP-1R agonist) in Phase 2/3 obesity development. Monthly-class PK in trials. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist (NMPA-approved; not FDA) • Emerging

Dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors, developed principally in China and approved there by the National Medical Products Administration in 2025 for weight management and type 2 diabetes. It combines incretin-driven appetite reduction with glucagon-driven increases in hepatic energy expenditure. It has not been reviewed or approved by the FDA and is not available as a prescription medicine in the United States.

Fat Loss • Oral ghrelin-mimetic small molecule • Experimental

Oral non-peptide GH secretagogue (ibutamoren) that raises GH and IGF-1. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 names ibutamoren (MK-677).

Fat Loss • Mitochondrial-derived peptide / research • Experimental

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene, notable as an example of the mitochondrion signalling to the rest of the cell rather than only receiving instructions. It has been studied for effects on glucose utilisation and fatty-acid oxidation through AMPK activation in metabolic models. Circulating concentrations fall with age and rise with exercise. Research use only; no human trials have been published and it is not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Redox coenzyme / supplement • Experimental

Essential redox cofactor sold as IV clinic infusions and oral precursors (NR/NMN). NAD+ itself is not FDA-approved as a drug for anti-aging.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved somatostatin analog • Established

Synthetic cyclic octapeptide analog of somatostatin, engineered to resist degradation so its half-life is roughly ninety minutes rather than the two minutes of the natural hormone. FDA-approved for acromegaly, for symptom control in metastatic carcinoid tumours, and for the profuse watery diarrhoea of VIPoma. Because somatostatin is a broad inhibitory signal, it also suppresses insulin, glucagon and several gut hormones. A prescription medicine.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved oral small-molecule GLP-1 agonist • Established

FDA-approved April 1, 2026 (Foundayo). Once-daily non-peptide oral GLP-1 receptor agonist for chronic weight management without food or water timing restrictions.

Fat Loss • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation sold in the Khavinson bioregulator tradition, supplied as a complex of low-molecular-weight peptides extracted from animal tissue rather than a single characterised compound. Sources disagree on which organ it is intended to support, which is itself a reason for caution when interpreting product claims. No controlled human evidence exists and it is not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Endogenous dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist • Experimental

Naturally occurring 37-amino-acid gut hormone that activates both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. It is the endogenous template for the dual-agonist drug class and is studied rather than marketed. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Endogenous neuropeptide / research • Experimental

38-aa neuropeptide that activates PAC1/VPAC receptors. Research tool in migraine, neuroprotection, and metabolic models. Not FDA-approved as a drug.

Fat Loss • Khavinson pancreatic bioregulator / research • Experimental

Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp, a synthetic tetrapeptide in the Khavinson bioregulator series associated with pancreatic tissue, with reported effects on carbohydrate metabolism markers in animal models. It should not be confused with Suprefort, the tissue extract marketed for the same organ. The supporting literature is regional and uncontrolled, and it is not FDA-approved or a treatment for diabetes.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1/glucagon agonist • Emerging

Investigational dual agonist at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors from Altimmune, weighted toward glucagon activity relative to others in its class. It is in development for obesity and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, where reducing hepatic fat is the therapeutic target. Not FDA-approved, and efficacy and safety remain under investigation.

Fat Loss • Investigational amylin analog • Emerging

Investigational long-acting amylin receptor agonist from Zealand Pharma, engineered for once-weekly dosing and in clinical development for obesity. Amylin agonists reduce food intake through hindbrain pathways separate from incretin signalling, so they are being studied both alone and alongside GLP-1 receptor agonists. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved amylin analog • Established

FDA-approved amylin analog (Symlin) used with mealtime insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia risk requires insulin dose reduction.

Fat Loss • Investigational ghrelin analog • Emerging

Investigational pentapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist developed principally for its gastrointestinal rather than endocrine effects. Ghrelin receptors on enteric neurons accelerate gastric emptying when activated, and relamorelin has been studied mainly in diabetic gastroparesis, where delayed emptying drives the symptoms. Clinical development has been mixed and it is not FDA-approved for any indication.

Fat Loss • Investigational triple agonist • Emerging

Lilly triple agonist (GIP, GLP-1, glucagon receptors). Phase 3 TRIUMPH program reported large weight-loss effects in 2025–2026; BLA planned around 2027. Not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist • Established

FDA-approved long-acting GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic/Rybelsus) and chronic weight management (Wegovy). Weekly injection or daily oral tablet. Not WADA-prohibited (monitoring program).

Fat Loss • Approved incretin class overview • Established

Library comparison card for two FDA-approved weekly incretins: semaglutide (GLP-1) and tirzepatide (GIP/GLP-1). Not a single combination drug.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved MC4R agonist • Established

FDA-approved MC4R agonist (Imcivree) for rare genetic obesities (POMC, PCSK1, LEPR deficiency, Bardet-Biedl). Daily SC injection, not a general-obesity drug.

Fat Loss • ERR agonist / small molecule research • Experimental

Pan-estrogen-related-receptor agonist studied as an exercise mimetic in mice (2023). Not a peptide and not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Khavinson bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from pancreatic tissue and marketed as a pancreatic bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication, and no controlled human efficacy trials have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators rather than studies of this specific preparation.

Fat Loss • Investigational GLP-1/glucagon agonist • Emerging

Investigational dual agonist at the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors, developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma and studied in phase 3 trials for obesity and for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. The glucagon component acts directly on hepatocytes to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation, which is why liver endpoints feature alongside weight. Not FDA-approved for any indication.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved GHRH analog • Established

FDA-approved GHRH analog (Egrifta) to reduce excess visceral abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy. WADA still prohibits tesamorelin (S2) in sport.

Fat Loss • Triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor / investigational • Emerging

Small-molecule triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor originally developed for neurodegenerative disease and later investigated for obesity. Not FDA-approved. It is widely sold as a research chemical despite having no approved indication in the United States.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved dual incretin agonist • Established

FDA-approved weekly dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes (Mounjaro) and obesity (Zepbound). Typical titration 2.5→15 mg. Not WADA-prohibited (monitoring).

Fat Loss • Endogenous neuropeptide / research • Experimental

28-aa neuropeptide vasodilator and VPAC agonist. Aviptadil (synthetic VIP) has been studied in pulmonary settings but VIP itself is not an FDA-approved general-use drug.

Fat Loss • Investigational dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist • Emerging

Investigational dual agonist of the GLP-1 and GIP receptors in clinical development for obesity and metabolic disease, in both injectable and oral formulations. Not FDA-approved.