Longevity and anti-aging peptides

Longevity • FDA-approved calcitonin receptor agonist • Established

Synthetic 32-amino-acid polypeptide identical to salmon calcitonin, approved for Paget disease of bone, hypercalcaemia, and postmenopausal osteoporosis in women more than five years past menopause.

Fat Loss • Long-acting GHRH analog • Experimental

GHRH analog. Catalog “CJC-1295” often means the DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) form that extends half-life via albumin binding. Not FDA-approved. WADA S2 (GHRH analogues).

Cognitive • Sleep / neuropeptide research • Experimental

Nonapeptide first isolated from the cerebral venous blood of rabbits during induced slow-wave sleep and named for that association. Its physiological role remains genuinely unsettled: no specific receptor has been identified, reported effects on sleep architecture are inconsistent across studies, and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier is debated. Research use only and not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • FDA-approved mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide • Established

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. FDA granted accelerated approval in September 2025 to Forzinity (elamipretide) to improve muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients ≥30 kg. Confirmatory trial required.

Longevity • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from pineal tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

Longevity • Pineal tetrapeptide / research • Experimental

Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide (AEDG) from Khavinson’s work on epithalamin. Studied for telomerase and circadian research; not FDA-approved.

Longevity • Senolytic FOXO4 peptide / research • Experimental

D-retro-inverso peptide designed to disrupt FOXO4–p53 binding and clear senescent cells in mice (2017 Cell paper). No CAS as a registered drug; not FDA-approved. Often sold as Proxofim.

Fat Loss • TGF-beta superfamily growth factor / research • Experimental

Circulating member of the TGF-beta superfamily that became prominent in ageing research after parabiosis experiments, and whose reported rejuvenative effects have since been actively disputed. Not FDA-approved; no human trials.

Longevity • Endogenous tripeptide antioxidant • Experimental

Endogenous antioxidant tripeptide sold as an oral supplement and used IV in clinics. Not FDA-approved as a standalone drug for systemic “detox” or skin-lightening claims.

Cognitive • Mitochondrial-derived peptide / research • Experimental

A 24-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene and one of the first mitochondrial-derived peptides described. It has been studied for cytoprotective signalling, particularly resistance to apoptosis and to oxidative and amyloid stress, and for effects on insulin sensitivity. Circulating concentrations decline with age, which drives much of the interest in it. Research use only, with no human interventional trials and no FDA-approved use.

Longevity • Potent humanin analog / research • Experimental

Analog of the mitochondrial-derived peptide humanin carrying a serine-to-glycine substitution at position 14, reported in preclinical work to be substantially more potent than the parent peptide. Not FDA-approved; no human trials.

Cognitive • Longevity protein / research • Experimental

Transmembrane and soluble anti-aging protein that is an FGF23 co-receptor. Shop “Klotho” vials are not an FDA-approved drug and are often fragments or poorly characterized proteins.

Cognitive • Phenothiazine redox agent / approved for methaemoglobinaemia • Established

Phenothiazine dye approved as an intravenous treatment for acquired methaemoglobinaemia. It is separately sold as a research chemical and studied at low doses for mitochondrial and cognitive endpoints, which are not approved uses.

Fat Loss • Mitochondrial-derived peptide / research • Experimental

A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene, notable as an example of the mitochondrion signalling to the rest of the cell rather than only receiving instructions. It has been studied for effects on glucose utilisation and fatty-acid oxidation through AMPK activation in metabolic models. Circulating concentrations fall with age and rise with exercise. Research use only; no human trials have been published and it is not FDA-approved.

Fat Loss • Redox coenzyme / supplement • Experimental

Essential redox cofactor sold as IV clinic infusions and oral precursors (NR/NMN). NAD+ itself is not FDA-approved as a drug for anti-aging.

Cognitive • Khavinson pineal tripeptide / research • Experimental

Glu-Asp-Arg tripeptide from the Khavinson pineal series, studied for neuroprotection in older literature. Not FDA-approved.

Longevity • Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide / research • Experimental

Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide from the same Szeto-Schiller series as elamipretide, distinguished by lacking the dimethyltyrosine residue that gives elamipretide its cardiolipin affinity. Not FDA-approved; preclinical only.

Longevity • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from liver tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.

Longevity • Khavinson dipeptide / research • Experimental

Lys-Glu, a synthetic dipeptide and one of the shortest members of the Khavinson bioregulator series, studied for immune and geroprotective endpoints. Reported findings include effects on lymphocyte proliferation and on chromatin structure in ageing cells, largely from one research group in Russian-language journals. As a dipeptide its proposed nuclear access is more plausible on size grounds than for longer peptides, but no controlled human trials exist and it is not FDA-approved.

Longevity • Khavinson peptide bioregulator / research • Experimental

Peptide preparation derived from female reproductive tissue tissue and marketed as a tissue-specific bioregulator in the Khavinson tradition. Not FDA-approved for any indication. No controlled human efficacy trials of this specific preparation have been published; the available literature is class-level work on short peptide bioregulators.