Peptide Library

Human study PLS-00180

Increased levels of thymosin β4 in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association of thymosin β4 with other factors that are involved in inflammation and bone erosion in joints.

Cross-sectional study · Not reported participants enrolled · not included in the assessments (other)

Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

Only the abstract was available. Essential methods may be missing, which limits what can be judged.

Reports of this study

Every publication, registration and abstract describing this one study. Participants are counted once.

  • Increased levels of thymosin β4 in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: association of thymosin β4 with other factors that are involved in inflammation and bone erosion in joints.primary · International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2011-08-31 · PMID 22004227 · DOI

Design and participants

Design
Cross-sectional study
Population
Patients with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis whose synovial joint fluid was sampled
Conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis
Planned enrollment (registry)
Not reported
Enrolled
Not reported
Randomized
Not reported
Completed follow-up
Not reported
Funding
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't (per publication type); funder not named

Intervention and comparator

What each group received. Related peptides, analogs and combinations are never treated as the compound itself.

    What the authors reported

    As stated in the sources. This is the authors’ account, not Peptide Library’s assessment.

    Adverse events

    None reported. That is not evidence of safety, and how safety was monitored isn’t described.

    The authors concluded (paraphrased): The authors suggest endogenous Tβ4 may play a role in bone degradation and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis but not osteoarthritis. They note that the mechanisms are unknown and call for further study.

    Peptide Library’s assessment

    An automated assessment, made by AI separately from the authors’ conclusions and not reviewed by a person. How risk of bias is assessed.

    Limitations

    • inappropriate endpoint: Only synovial biomarker levels and their correlations were measured. No clinical outcomes were assessed and no treatment was given.
    • abstract only: Only the PubMed abstract is available. Sample sizes, setting and methods details are not reported.
    • confounding: The abstract reports associations between molecules without describing any adjustment for patient characteristics.
    • no control group: There was no intervention and no controlled comparison of treatment. The OA versus RA contrast is observational.

    No risk-of-bias assessment has been published for this study’s results.

    Claims this study informs

    Where each value comes from

    • author_conclusion: PMID 22004227, abstract (Conclusions, sentences 1-2) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • design: PMID 22004227, abstract (Method, sentences 1-2) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • funding: PMID 22004227, title (publication types) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • limitations: PMID 22004227, abstract (Results and Conclusions) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • population: PMID 22004227, abstract (Method, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only

    • Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

    These assessments describe published research. Records marked automated were produced by AI under the published methodology and have not been reviewed by a person; they can contain errors. None of this is medical advice, not a statement about any product’s safety for human use, and not a regulatory approval. Peptide Library’s vendor and partner relationships play no part in them (editorial independence).