Peptide Library

Human study PLS-00179

Over-expression of thymosin β4 in granulomatous lung tissue with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Cross-sectional study · Not reported participants enrolled · not included in the assessments (other)

Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

Only the abstract was available. Essential methods may be missing, which limits what can be judged.

Reports of this study

Every publication, registration and abstract describing this one study. Participants are counted once.

  • Over-expression of thymosin β4 in granulomatous lung tissue with active pulmonary tuberculosis.primary · Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2014-02-04 · PMID 24556076 · DOI

Design and participants

Design
Cross-sectional study
Population
Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (lung tissue and tissue microarray samples) and normal controls (sputum samples).
Conditions
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Setting
not_stated
Planned enrollment (registry)
Not reported
Enrolled
Not reported
Randomized
Not reported
Completed follow-up
Not reported
Funding
Non-US government research support (publication type); funder not named.

Intervention and comparator

What each group received. Related peptides, analogs and combinations are never treated as the compound itself.

    What the authors reported

    As stated in the sources. This is the authors’ account, not Peptide Library’s assessment.

    Adverse events

    None reported. That is not evidence of safety, and how safety was monitored isn’t described.

    The authors concluded (paraphrased): Thymosin β4 is highly expressed in granulomatous lung tissue in active pulmonary TB, is associated with HIF-1α- and VEGF-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis, and its sputum expression could serve as a potential diagnostic marker.

    Peptide Library’s assessment

    An automated assessment, made by AI separately from the authors’ conclusions and not reviewed by a person. How risk of bias is assessed.

    Limitations

    • other: Endogenous thymosin β4 expression was measured. The compound was not administered, so no treatment effect can be inferred.
    • abstract only: Only the abstract is available, so methods, sample selection and statistics cannot be appraised.
    • inappropriate endpoint: Outcomes are endogenous expression levels (surrogate biomarkers), not clinical outcomes of giving Tβ4.
    • small or imprecise: The sputum comparison used only 10 normal controls and 19 TB patients, with no effect estimate or interval reported.
    • no control group: No Tβ4 intervention or comparator was given, so no treatment effect can be inferred.

    No risk-of-bias assessment has been published for this study’s results.

    Claims this study informs

    Where each value comes from

    • author_conclusion: PMID 24556076, abstract (final two sentences) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • design: PMID 24556076, abstract (sentences 3 and 9) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • population: PMID 24556076, abstract (sentence 9) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only

    • Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

    These assessments describe published research. Records marked automated were produced by AI under the published methodology and have not been reviewed by a person; they can contain errors. None of this is medical advice, not a statement about any product’s safety for human use, and not a regulatory approval. Peptide Library’s vendor and partner relationships play no part in them (editorial independence).