Human study PLS-00157

Thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 10 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Case series · 23 participants enrolled · not included in the assessments (other)

Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

Only the abstract was available. Essential methods may be missing, which limits what can be judged.

Reports of this study

Every publication, registration and abstract describing this one study. Participants are counted once.

Thymosin beta 4 and thymosin beta 10 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.primary · European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2014-03-11 · PMID 24704991 · DOI

Design and participants

Design: Case series
Population: Subjects diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma whose liver samples were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded
Conditions: Hepatocellular carcinoma
Planned enrollment (registry): Not reported
Enrolled: 23
Randomized: Not reported
Completed follow-up: Not reported
Funding: Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't (per publication type); funder not named in record

Intervention and comparator

What each group received. Related peptides, analogs and combinations are never treated as the compound itself.

What the authors reported

As stated in the sources. This is the authors’ account, not Peptide Library’s assessment.

Adverse events

None reported. That is not evidence of safety, and how safety was monitored isn’t described.

The authors concluded (paraphrased): Both beta-thymosins are expressed in HCC, with marked differences in frequency and degree. The higher incidence of Tβ10 and its reactivity in invading tumor cells suggest a possible major role for Tβ10 in HCC progression.

Peptide Library’s assessment

An automated assessment, made by AI separately from the authors’ conclusions and not reviewed by a person. How risk of bias is assessed.

Limitations

other: The study measured endogenous Tβ4 expression in tissue and did not administer the compound to anyone.
small or imprecise: Only 23 HCC liver samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
abstract only: Only the abstract was available in the record for appraisal.
no control group: Descriptive tissue study of 23 HCC cases with no comparison group and no intervention.
inappropriate endpoint: The outcome is a tissue biomarker of endogenous expression, not a clinical outcome and not a response to administered Tβ4.

No risk-of-bias assessment has been published for this study’s results.

Claims this study informs

Improves dry eye signs and symptoms: not eligible (not primary study) for “Ocular discomfort and corneal staining”
Is safe for human administration: not eligible (not primary study) for “Adverse events, serious adverse events and discontinuations”

Where each value comes from

author_conclusion: PMID 24704991, abstract (final two sentences) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
design: PMID 24704991, abstract (sentences 4-5) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
participants: PMID 24704991, abstract (sentence 4) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
population: PMID 24704991, abstract (sentence 4) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only

Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

These assessments describe published research. Records marked automated were produced by AI under the published methodology and have not been reviewed by a person; they can contain errors. None of this is medical advice, not a statement about any product’s safety for human use, and not a regulatory approval. Peptide Library’s vendor and partner relationships play no part in them (editorial independence).