Peptide Library

Human study PLS-00135

Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.

Prospective cohort · 191 participants enrolled · not included in the assessments (other)

Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

Only the abstract was available. Essential methods may be missing, which limits what can be judged.

Reports of this study

Every publication, registration and abstract describing this one study. Participants are counted once.

  • Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.primary · International immunopharmacology · 2021-10-01 · PMID 34607232 · DOI

Design and participants

Design
Prospective cohort
Population
Patients admitted to intensive care units with a diagnosis of sepsis, with endogenous Tβ4 measured within 6 h of ICU admission.
Conditions
Sepsis, Acute kidney injury
Setting
Intensive care units
Planned enrollment (registry)
Not reported
Enrolled
191
Randomized
Not reported
Completed follow-up
Not reported

Intervention and comparator

What each group received. Related peptides, analogs and combinations are never treated as the compound itself.

    What the authors reported

    As stated in the sources. This is the authors’ account, not Peptide Library’s assessment.

    Adverse events

    None reported. That is not evidence of safety, and how safety was monitored isn’t described.

    The authors concluded (paraphrased): Lower endogenous Tβ4 levels at ICU admission were associated with higher odds of poor prognosis, including AKI and mortality, in patients with sepsis.

    Peptide Library’s assessment

    An automated assessment, made by AI separately from the authors’ conclusions and not reviewed by a person. How risk of bias is assessed.

    Limitations

    • inappropriate endpoint: Tβ4 was measured as an endogenous biomarker, not administered, so the study cannot inform effects of Tβ4 treatment.
    • confounding: Observational associations between biomarker levels and outcomes may be confounded by illness severity and other patient factors.
    • abstract only: Only the abstract is available, and it is truncated before the p-values and the full results.
    • inappropriate population: Participants were not given Tβ4. The study measures endogenous levels, so it says nothing about the effects or safety of administering the compound.

    No risk-of-bias assessment has been published for this study’s results.

    Claims this study informs

    Where each value comes from

    • author_conclusion: PMID 34607232, abstract (Conclusions, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • design: PMID 34607232, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • participants: PMID 34607232, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • population: PMID 34607232, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only

    • Version 1 · published November 8, 2026 · evidence through November 8, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

    These assessments describe published research. Records marked automated were produced by AI under the published methodology and have not been reviewed by a person; they can contain errors. None of this is medical advice, not a statement about any product’s safety for human use, and not a regulatory approval. Peptide Library’s vendor and partner relationships play no part in them (editorial independence).