Peptide Library

Human study PLS-00066

Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Neurohumoral and Mitochondrial Activation in Patients With Diabetes.

Prospective cohort · 163 participants enrolled · not included in the assessments (wrong compound)

Version 1 · published November 7, 2026 · evidence through November 7, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

Only the abstract was available. Essential methods may be missing, which limits what can be judged.

Reports of this study

Every publication, registration and abstract describing this one study. Participants are counted once.

  • Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors, and Their Combination on Neurohumoral and Mitochondrial Activation in Patients With Diabetes.primary · Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025-02-26 · PMID 40008510 · DOI

Design and participants

Design
Prospective cohort
Population
Consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes and high or very high cardiovascular risk, matched by propensity score analysis
Conditions
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, High or very high cardiovascular risk
Planned enrollment (registry)
Not reported
Enrolled
163
Randomized
Not reported
Completed follow-up
Not reported
Funding
The publication type indicates non-U.S. government research support. The funder is not named.

Intervention and comparator

What each group received. Related peptides, analogs and combinations are never treated as the compound itself.

    What the authors reported

    As stated in the sources. This is the authors’ account, not Peptide Library’s assessment.

    Adverse events

    None reported. That is not evidence of safety, and how safety was monitored isn’t described.

    The authors concluded (paraphrased): Twelve months of combined GLP-1RA+SGLT-2i was associated with a greater fall in neurohumoral markers and a greater rise in antioxidant capacity than either drug alone or insulin. SGLT-2i appeared more effective for neurohumoral and mitochondrial activation.

    Peptide Library’s assessment

    An automated assessment, made by AI separately from the authors’ conclusions and not reviewed by a person. How risk of bias is assessed.

    Limitations

    • other: MOTS-c was only a measured endogenous biomarker. No participant received MOTS-c, so the study does not inform MOTS-c as an intervention.
    • confounding: Treatment groups were observational and propensity-matched rather than randomized, so residual confounding is possible.
    • abstract only: Only the abstract is available in the record; methods and results detail are limited.

    No risk-of-bias assessment has been published for this study’s results.

    Claims this study informs

    Where each value comes from

    • arms: PMID 40008510, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • author_conclusion: PMID 40008510, abstract (Conclusions, sentences 1-2) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • design: PMID 40008510, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • limitations: PMID 40008510, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • outcomes: PMID 40008510, abstract (Methods, sentence 2) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • participants: PMID 40008510, abstract (Methods, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • population: PMID 40008510, abstract (Background, sentence 1) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only
    • results: PMID 40008510, abstract (Results, sentences 1-2) · extracted by AI (automated, not verified by a person) · abstract only

    • Version 1 · published November 7, 2026 · evidence through November 7, 2026 · research snapshot 2026.1.1 · methodology ev-1 · Automated assessment by AI (claude-opus-5-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5), not reviewed by a person.

    These assessments describe published research. Records marked automated were produced by AI under the published methodology and have not been reviewed by a person; they can contain errors. None of this is medical advice, not a statement about any product’s safety for human use, and not a regulatory approval. Peptide Library’s vendor and partner relationships play no part in them (editorial independence).