Human evidence quality

BPC-157: what the human research shows

Certainty varies by clinical outcome. Each claim below is assessed on its own; open one to see the studies and the reasoning.

Research only · Last assessment published November 8, 2026 · Methodology ev-1

Evidence overview

Research volume and reviewed human evidence are different numbers, kept apart.

Indexed publications

224

Research snapshot 2026.1.1

Human clinical publications

3

PubMed records classified as human research

Distinct human studies reviewed

8

of 8 identified

Randomized controlled studies

1

among reviewed studies

Studies with reported results

3

Registered, no results available

3

Unpublished is not negative

Study results assessed for risk of bias

6

Outcomes with a certainty assessment

5

Research volume for BPC-157 · Library profile

Claims evaluated

Claims are things to investigate, never established benefits. Evidence for one outcome doesn’t carry over to another.

Claims evaluated for BPC-157
Claim being evaluated	Eligible human studies	Certainty by outcome
Improves gastrointestinal conditions	0	Insufficient information to assessAutomated, not human-reviewedClinical response or remission(patient-important, 0 studies)
Improves muscle injury recovery	0	Insufficient information to assessAutomated, not human-reviewedTime to return to activity(patient-important, 0 studies)
Reduces knee pain	1	Very low certaintyAutomated, not human-reviewedKnee pain intensity(patient-important, 1 study)
Supports tendon injury recovery	0	Insufficient information to assessAutomated, not human-reviewedFunction and return to activity(patient-important, 0 studies)
Is safe for human administrationSafety	3	Insufficient information to assessAutomated, not human-reviewedAdverse events, serious adverse events and discontinuations(safety, 3 studies)

Human studies

Each distinct study once, however many papers, abstracts or registrations describe it.

Phase II trial of PL 14736 (BPC-157) enema in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitisRandomized controlled trial · Not reported participants · first reported 2005 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: Patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis

Assessed from the abstract only: essential methods may be missing.

Full study record (PLS-00001)

Phase 1 safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of PL 14736 (BPC-157) in healthy male volunteersOther design · Not reported participants · first reported 2003 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: Healthy male volunteers

Assessed from the abstract only: essential methods may be missing.

Full study record (PLS-00002)

Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study.Uncontrolled pilot study · 2 participants · first reported 2025 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: Two adults described as healthy, a 58-year-old Asian man and a 68-year-old Caucasian woman, each of whom had received intravenous BPC-157 before the study.

Assessed from the abstract only: essential methods may be missing.

Risk of bias: Blood biomarkers of heart, liver, kidney, thyroid function and blood glucose: Serious concern (Structured limitations appraisal); Side effects / tolerability: Serious concern (Structured limitations appraisal)

Full study record (PLS-00033)

Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain.Case series · 17 participants · first reported 2021 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: Primary care patients with knee pain of multiple causes who received intra-articular peptide injections, identified by a 1-year chart review (2019-2020).

Assessed from the abstract only: essential methods may be missing.

Risk of bias: Improvement in knee pain (patient-reported): Serious concern (Structured limitations appraisal)

Full study record (PLS-00034)

Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study.Uncontrolled pilot study · 12 participants · first reported 2024 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: Women aged 39 to 76 years (mean 58.3) with moderate to severe interstitial cystitis (bladder pain syndrome) who had not responded to pentosan polysulfate; 10 White, one Asian, one Latina.

Assessed from the abstract only: essential methods may be missing.

Risk of bias: Global Response Assessment: Serious concern (Structured limitations appraisal); Patient-rated symptom resolution: Serious concern (Structured limitations appraisal); Adverse events and dropouts: Serious concern (Structured limitations appraisal)

Full study record (PLS-00035)

PCO-02 - Safety and Pharmacokinetics TrialOther design · Not reported participants · first reported 2015 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: Healthy volunteers

Full study record (PLS-00227)

BPC 157 for Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain RepairOther design · Not reported participants · first reported 2026 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: People with acute hamstring muscle strain (skeletal muscle injury); eligibility details not given in the record

Full study record (PLS-00246)

Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair SurgeryOther design · Not reported participants · first reported 2026 · automated, not human-reviewed

Population: People undergoing rotator cuff repair surgery for a rotator cuff tear. Age and eligibility criteria are not stated in the record.

Full study record (PLS-00252)

Why the counts differ

Publications, studies and registrations are different units.

These numbers count different things. The research snapshot 2026.1.1 counts 3 human clinical publications: PubMed records, classified by publication type. Here, each reviewed study is counted once (8 in all), however many reports describe it (3 PubMed records, 3 registrations, 2 other reports such as meeting abstracts outside PubMed).

Which source records describe which study
Study	Source record	Role
PLS-00001	Report outside PubMedRuenzi M, et al. A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase II Study of PL 14736 Enema in the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:A584 (meeting abstract).	conference abstract
PLS-00002	Report outside PubMedVeljaca M, et al. Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of PL 14736, a Novel Agent for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, in Healthy Male Volunteers. Gut. 2003;51:A309 (meeting abstract; with a 2002 IUPHAR-GI abstract).	conference abstract
PLS-00033	PMID 40131143Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study.	primary
PLS-00034	PMID 34324435Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain.	primary
PLS-00035	PMID 39325560Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study.	primary
PLS-00227	NCT02637284 · no results postedPCO-02 - Safety and Pharmacokinetics Trial	registry entry
PLS-00246	NCT07437547 · no results postedBPC 157 for Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain Repair	registry entry
PLS-00252	NCT07803250 · no results postedImpact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery	registry entry

Evidence gaps

Research activity gap: No gap identified
Little indexed research of any kind.
Human research gap: No gap identified
Laboratory or animal research exists, but little human research.
Evidence quality gap: Gap identified
Human research exists, but no assessed outcome reaches moderate or high certainty.
Clinical relevance gap: Gap identified
Studies exist but none directly address a claim being evaluated.
Safety evidence gap: Gap identified
Safety is not established with moderate or high certainty for the populations, routes or durations studied.

Timeline

Registrations, publications, posted results and every change to the assessments.

2015-12-22
Registered: NCT02637284
2021-07-01
Published: Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain.
2024-10-01
Published: Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study.
2025-09-01
Published: Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study.
2026-02-27
Registered: NCT07437547
2026-09-03
Registered: NCT07803250
2026-11-07
Risk-of-bias assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Risk-of-bias assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Risk-of-bias assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Risk-of-bias assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Risk-of-bias assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Risk-of-bias assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-07
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Claim assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Claim assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Claim assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Claim assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Claim assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Certainty assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Certainty assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Certainty assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Certainty assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Certainty assessment published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Study record published (version 1)
2026-11-08
Study record published (version 1)

Sources and method

Every assessment links its sources and keeps its full version history. Methodology · All assessments (CSV) · All study records (CSV)

These assessments describe published research. Records marked automated were produced by AI under the published methodology and have not been reviewed by a person; they can contain errors. None of this is medical advice, not a statement about any product’s safety for human use, and not a regulatory approval. Peptide Library’s vendor and partner relationships play no part in them (editorial independence).