Peptide LibraryAngiotensin II
Angiotensin II is an FDA-approved vasoconstrictor peptide in the Angiotensin Receptor Agonist class. Angiotensin II binds the AT1 receptor on vascular smooth muscle, a Gq-coupled receptor whose activation raises intracellular calcium and produces vasoconstriction. It also stimulates aldosterone release and promotes renal sodium and water retention.
For research use only.
Key Facts
- CAS
- 4474-91-3
- Molecular Weight (MW)
- 1046.2 g/mol
- Half-life
- Less than one minute in plasma after intravenous administration (Giapreza label)
- FDA status
- Approved
- Evidence level
- FDA Approved
- Human dose established
- Yes
- Administration Route
- Intravenous
- Frequency
- Continuous intravenous infusion
- Last updated
- Nov 7, 2026
- Reviewed
- Nov 7, 2026
Research summary
Synthetic form of the endogenous octapeptide hormone, approved to raise blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock.
Research evidence
- Regulatory review (FDA label)1 reviewed source
- Controlled human trialsNone in reviewed sources
- Early or uncontrolled human studiesNone in reviewed sources
- Lab & animal studiesNone in reviewed sources
How it works
Each step shows whether the sources Peptide Library has reviewed include that kind of research. Counts are reviewed sources, not every study ever published. Reviews and programme summaries that describe human use are shown as "reported", not as trials, and registered trials without published results are listed but not counted. A higher step means research has progressed further; it does not mean a compound works better or is safer. Compounds whose evidence has not been reviewed yet show "Not reviewed" instead of a guess.
Peptide Library's Angiotensin II profile summarises 5 cited studies listed in the Science section, the compound's regulatory status, and research-protocol parameters reported for it. It is a research reference, not medical advice.
Angiotensin II dosage evidence
Angiotensin II has an FDA-approved human dosage only as Giapreza, a hospital infusion to raise blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock. The label starts at 20 ng/kg/min by continuous intravenous infusion, titrated every 5 minutes by up to 15 ng/kg/min, with no more than 80 ng/kg/min in the first 3 hours and no more than 40 ng/kg/min for maintenance.
| Human dosing established | Yes |
|---|---|
| Route | Intravenous |
| Frequency | Continuous intravenous infusion |
| Duration studied | Until the underlying shock has improved, then tapered |
| Titration | Start at 20 ng/kg/min; raise as often as every 5 minutes by up to 15 ng/kg/min to the target blood pressure; do not exceed 80 ng/kg/min in the first 3 hours or 40 ng/kg/min for maintenance; doses as low as 1.25 ng/kg/min may be used. Once shock improves, reduce every 5 to 15 minutes by up to 15 ng/kg/min. |
| Half-life | Less than one minute in plasma after intravenous administration (Giapreza label) |
| Evidence level | FDA Approved |
| Last reviewed | 2026-11-07 |
Research-reported dosing
Doses as studied, one row per regimen. Different trials used different regimens; they are listed separately rather than averaged.
| Study / context | Population | Dose | Route | Frequency | Duration | Outcome studied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDA label — Giapreza, septic or other distributive shockFDA-approved label · FDA prescribing information | Adults with septic or other distributive shock | 20 ng/kg/min to start; maximum 80 ng/kg/min in the first 3 hours, then no more than 40 ng/kg/min | Intravenous infusion, diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride; central line recommended | Continuous | Titrated, then tapered | Increased blood pressure; studied in ATHOS-3, 321 adults who stayed hypotensive despite fluids and vasopressors | GIAPREZA (angiotensin II) injection — FDA prescribing information, DailyMed |
Where sources disagree
- Angiotensin II is dosed in nanograms per kilogram per minute as a monitored intravenous infusion; in ATHOS-3 it was given on top of background vasopressor therapy. The label covers no other use or route.
- The label warns of blood clots: in ATHOS-3, arterial and venous thrombotic and thromboembolic events occurred in 13% of patients on Giapreza against 5% on placebo, mainly deep vein thrombosis, and the label calls for clot prevention during treatment.
- Giapreza is supplied as a ready-made solution (0.5 mg/mL or 2.5 mg/mL) that is diluted in saline to 5,000 or 10,000 ng/mL before infusion; it is not a powder for reconstitution.
Sequence & molecular data
| Amino acid sequence | Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C50H71N13O12 |
| Molecular weight | 1046.2 g/mol |
| CAS number | 4474-91-3 |
| PubChem CID | 172198 |
| FDA UNII | M089EFU921 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL408403 |
| DrugBank | DB11842 |
Identifiers link to the public PubChem, FDA Substance Registration (UNII), ChEMBL and DrugBank records for the same entity.
Science
Mechanism of Action
Angiotensin II binds the AT1 receptor on vascular smooth muscle, a Gq-coupled receptor whose activation raises intracellular calcium and produces vasoconstriction. It also stimulates aldosterone release and promotes renal sodium and water retention. Because it acts through a pathway independent of adrenergic receptors, it can raise blood pressure in shock states where catecholamine responsiveness is impaired.
Regulatory & research status
Angiotensin II is an FDA-approved product for specific labelled indications. Approval does not extend to the research contexts described on this page, and approved products are prescription medicines.
| FDA status | Approved |
|---|---|
| Research status | Approved product (see FDA status) |
| Availability | Prescription-Only |
| WADA (sport) | Unknown / Not Listed |
| Library classification | FDA-Approved |
How FDA approval, compounding and research-only status differ
Benefits
—
Angiotensin II side effects
No side effects listed yet for this entry.
Storage & stability
This compound is not supplied as a powder to be mixed, so the freeze-dried powder and reconstitution handling described for research peptides does not apply. Storage conditions are product-specific: follow the label or packaging of the product itself.
Angiotensin II: frequently asked questions
What is Angiotensin II?
Synthetic form of the endogenous octapeptide hormone, approved to raise blood pressure in adults with septic or other distributive shock.
How does Angiotensin II work?
Angiotensin II binds the AT1 receptor on vascular smooth muscle, a Gq-coupled receptor whose activation raises intracellular calcium and produces vasoconstriction. It also stimulates aldosterone release and promotes renal sodium and water retention.
Is Angiotensin II FDA approved?
Yes. Angiotensin II is approved by the FDA, and approved products are prescription medicines. Approval is always for specific indications studied in clinical trials, so an approved status does not mean the compound is approved for every use it is discussed for. Research-chemical material sold under the same name is not the approved product.
What is the amino acid sequence of Angiotensin II?
Angiotensin II has the sequence Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe, giving a chain of 8 amino acids. Its molecular formula is C50H71N13O12.
What peptides are similar to Angiotensin II?
Compounds most often compared with Angiotensin II include Cetrorelix, Corticorelin, Cosyntropin and Degarelix. They are grouped by shared mechanism or research area rather than by equivalence, and their regulatory status and evidence base differ.
References
- Angiotensin II as a Vasopressor for Perioperative Hypotension in Solid Organ Transplant — Biomedicines, 2024External reference
- Angiotensin II-Real-Life Use and Literature Review — Medicina (Kaunas), 2024External reference
- Angiotensin II: A Review of Current Literature — J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2022External reference
- Roles of angiotensin II as vasopressor in vasodilatory shock — Future Cardiol, 2020External reference
- Angiotensin II in septic shock — J Intensive Care Soc, 2019External reference
Related research, comparisons & guides
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Compiled by Peptide Library Editorial · Reviewed Aug 30, 2026 · Updated Nov 7, 2026 · Version 2
This Angiotensin II profile is compiled from published literature (5 cited studies linked above), public regulatory records and chemical registries. It describes what research reports; it is not medical advice, and nothing here is a dosing recommendation for humans. Peptide Library does not sell peptides. Editorial policy · How profiles are compiled · Report an error
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