Peptide LibraryResearch statistics
Ziconotide research: publications and trials
At a glance
Publications, all years
380
Since 1987
Publications in 2026 so far
7
Through November 1, 2026
Human clinical research
22.3%
83 of 373 classified
Registered clinical trials
11
ClinicalTrials.gov
Randomized controlled trials
5
Publications reporting an RCT in people
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
1
Preclinical studies
48.0%
137 animal · 40 in vitro · 2 computational
Records that only mention it
163
Not counted above
Status in the library: FDA-approved. 7 publications are not yet classified by study type.
What to keep in mind
- Some completed trials have neither posted results nor a linked results publication.
Publications by year
Ziconotide publications by year and evidence
Show the data
| Year | Human clinical research | Preclinical (animal, in vitro, computational) | Reviews and meta-analyses | Other and not yet classified | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1987 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1992 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 1993 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 1994 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
| 1995 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| 1996 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 8 |
| 1997 | 2 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 17 |
| 1998 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 13 |
| 1999 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| 2000 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 23 |
| 2001 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| 2002 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
| 2003 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 2004 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2005 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 19 |
| 2006 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 21 |
| 2007 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 14 |
| 2008 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 2 | 23 |
| 2009 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
| 2010 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 13 |
| 2011 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 14 |
| 2012 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 7 |
| 2013 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 12 |
| 2014 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
| 2015 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| 2016 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 7 |
| 2017 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 7 |
| 2018 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 10 |
| 2019 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 11 |
| 2020 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 15 |
| 2021 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 9 |
| 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| 2023 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 2024 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 13 |
| 2025 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| 2026 (to date) | 2 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
Study types
| Animal study | 137 |
|---|---|
| Review | 77 |
| Case report | 42 |
| In vitro study | 40 |
| Editorial, letter or other | 29 |
| Observational human study | 19 |
| Other clinical trial | 17 |
| Not yet classified | 7 |
| Randomized controlled trial | 5 |
| Guideline or consensus | 4 |
| Computational study | 2 |
| Systematic review | 1 |
Research areas
From MeSH major topics. A paper can be in several areas.
| Neurological and mental health | 277 |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | 25 |
| Tissue repair | 21 |
| Musculoskeletal | 15 |
| Oncology | 15 |
| Immune system | 6 |
| Endocrinology | 5 |
| Gastrointestinal | 5 |
| Antimicrobial and infectious disease | 4 |
| Reproductive and sexual health | 2 |
| Cognitive health | 1 |
| Metabolic health | 1 |
Registered clinical trials
2 of 4 trials completed at least a year before the cutoff have neither posted results nor a linked results publication. A registration is not a result.
Completed: 6 · Recruiting: 2 · Not yet recruiting: 1 · Unknown status: 1 · Withdrawn: 1
Phase not applicable: 4 · Phase 2: 2 · Phase 3: 2 · Phase 4: 3
Human trials and evidence reviews
Meta-analyses, systematic reviews and trials in people, newest first.
- Ziconotide Monotherapy: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Current neuropharmacology · January 1, 2017 · Systematic review · cited 61 times · open access
PMID 26861472 · DOI 10.2174/1570159x14666160210142056 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of intrathecal ziconotide in adults with severe chronic pain.
Journal of pain and symptom management · May 1, 2006 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 306 times · open access
PMID 16716870 · DOI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.10.003 · Human clinical research
- Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · April 1, 2006 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 209 times
PMID 22151630 · DOI 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2006.00055.x · Human clinical research
- Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA · January 1, 2004 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 654 times
PMID 14709577 · DOI 10.1001/jama.291.1.63 · Human clinical research
- Ziconotide, a new N-type calcium channel blocker, administered intrathecally for acute postoperative pain.
Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · May 1, 2000 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 133 times
PMID 10834782 · DOI 10.1016/s1098-7339(00)90010-5 · Human clinical research
- Sympatholysis after neuron-specific, N-type, voltage-sensitive calcium channel blockade: first demonstration of N-channel function in humans.
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology · September 1, 1997 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 82 times
PMID 9300326 · DOI 10.1097/00005344-199709000-00019 · Human clinical research
- Can Ziconotide Be Used to Replace Opioids? Exploratory Clinical Experience in 5 Patients Treated in the Pain Unit.
Journal of pain research · September 17, 2025 · Other clinical trial · cited 1 times · open access
PMID 40985013 · DOI 10.2147/jpr.s528946 · Human clinical research
- SPIDOL study protocol for the assessment of intrathecal ziconotide antalgic efficacy for severe refractory neuropathic pain due to spinal cord lesions.
Trials · September 7, 2024 · Other clinical trial · cited 4 times · open access
PMID 39244617 · DOI 10.1186/s13063-024-08387-0 · Human clinical research
- Effect of First-Line Ziconotide Intrathecal Drug Therapy for Neuropathic Pain on Disability, Emotional Well-Being, and Pain Catastrophizing.
World neurosurgery · October 20, 2020 · Other clinical trial · cited 9 times
PMID 33096281 · DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.079 · Human clinical research
- Intracerebroventricular Pain Treatment with Analgesic Mixtures including Ziconotide for Intractable Pain.
Pain physician · July 1, 2016 · Other clinical trial · cited 8 times
PMID 27454282 · Human clinical research
Most cited
By OpenAlex citation count. Citations measure attention, not quality or correctness.
- Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS: a randomized controlled trial.
JAMA · January 1, 2004 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 654 times
PMID 14709577 · DOI 10.1001/jama.291.1.63 · Human clinical research
- Ziconotide: neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain.
Current medicinal chemistry · December 1, 2004 · Review · cited 608 times
PMID 15578997 · DOI 10.2174/0929867043363884 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Ziconotide for treatment of severe chronic pain.
Lancet (London, England) · April 21, 2010 · Review · cited 356 times
PMID 20413151 · DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60354-6 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Neuronal calcium channel antagonists. Discrimination between calcium channel subtypes using omega-conotoxin from Conus magus venom.
Biochemistry · April 1, 1987 · Animal study · cited 343 times
PMID 2441741 · DOI 10.1021/bi00382a004 · Animal studies
- Ziconotide: a review of its pharmacology and use in the treatment of pain.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · February 1, 2007 · Review · cited 311 times · open access
PMID 19300539 · DOI 10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.69 · Reviews and meta-analyses
Latest publications
- Resolving conformational polymorphism in disulfide-rich peptide drugs.
Frontiers in chemistry · August 17, 2026 · In vitro study · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42676398 · DOI 10.3389/fchem.2026.1913741 · In vitro studies
- Intrathecal Ziconotide Long-Term Management in Chronic Postamputation Pain.
Case reports in anesthesiology · August 2, 2026 · Case report · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42548796 · DOI 10.1155/cria/9977830 · Human clinical research
- A magnetic polymer adsorbent based on porous polystyrene microspheres for efficient extraction of conotoxins in biological fluids.
The Analyst · July 27, 2026 · Animal study · cited 0 times
PMID 42304757 · DOI 10.1039/d6an00324a · Animal studies
- Targeting Ca<sub>v</sub>2.2 channels for pain management: challenges, innovations, and future perspectives.
Biochemical pharmacology · June 26, 2026 · Review · cited 1 times · open access
PMID 42361918 · DOI 10.1016/j.bcp.2026.118199 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- A targeted partial reduction cyanylation strategy coupled with HRMS for accurate disulfide bridge mapping in disulfide rich cyclic peptides.
Journal of chromatography. A · June 1, 2026 · In vitro study · cited 0 times
PMID 42242129 · DOI 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467160 · In vitro studies
- Real-Life Data on Ziconotide-Based Intrathecal Therapy in Patients With Cancer Pain: Interim Analysis of the Observational Practice in Clinics Registry.
Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · April 21, 2026 · Observational human study · cited 1 times
PMID 42189020 · DOI 10.1016/j.neurom.2026.04.006 · Human clinical research
- Functional crosstalk between neuropeptide FF system and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in ziconotide-mediated antinociception in mice.
Psychopharmacology · March 30, 2026 · Animal study · cited 1 times
PMID 41910723 · DOI 10.1007/s00213-026-07053-4 · Animal studies
- Efficacy and safety of the Ca<sub>v</sub>2.2 blocker Ziconotide in pain: a meta-analysis and systematic review.
Pain reports · November 14, 2025 · Review · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 41255849 · DOI 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001363 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Ziconotide as an Opioid Rescue: Economic, Clinical, and Subgroup Considerations [Letter].
Journal of pain research · November 7, 2025 · Editorial, letter or other · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 41229894 · DOI 10.2147/jpr.s571927 · Commentary and other
- Can Ziconotide Be Used to Replace Opioids? Exploratory Clinical Experience in 5 Patients Treated in the Pain Unit.
Journal of pain research · September 17, 2025 · Other clinical trial · cited 1 times · open access
PMID 40985013 · DOI 10.2147/jpr.s528946 · Human clinical research
How this is counted
PubMed records matched by the names below, counted when the peptide is in the title, indexed by MeSH, or confirmed from the abstract. The exact query can be rerun on Europe PMC. Methodology
Search terms: Omega-conotoxin MVIIA; Prialt; SNX-111; Ziconotida; Ziconotide
((TITLE_ABS:"Omega-conotoxin MVIIA" OR CHEM:"Omega-conotoxin MVIIA") OR (TITLE_ABS:"Prialt" OR CHEM:"Prialt") OR (TITLE_ABS:"SNX-111" OR CHEM:"SNX-111" OR TITLE_ABS:"SNX111" OR CHEM:"SNX111") OR (TITLE_ABS:"Ziconotida" OR CHEM:"Ziconotida") OR (TITLE_ABS:"Ziconotide" OR CHEM:"Ziconotide")) AND SRC:MED
Cite this page
Peptide Library. (2026, November 2). Ziconotide research statistics (Version weekly-2026-11-01) [Statistic]. Peptide Library. https://peptidelibrary.app/research/peptides/ziconotide