Peptide LibraryResearch statistics
Linaclotide research: publications and trials
At a glance
Publications, all years
347
Since 2007
Publications in 2026 so far
29
Through November 1, 2026
Human clinical research
30.6%
105 of 343 classified
Registered clinical trials
53
ClinicalTrials.gov
Randomized controlled trials
50
Publications reporting an RCT in people
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
35
Preclinical studies
16.0%
29 animal · 17 in vitro · 9 computational
Records that only mention it
129
Not counted above
Status in the library: FDA-approved. 4 publications are not yet classified by study type.
What to keep in mind
- Some completed trials have neither posted results nor a linked results publication.
Publications by year
Linaclotide publications by year and evidence
Show the data
| Year | Human clinical research | Preclinical (animal, in vitro, computational) | Reviews and meta-analyses | Other and not yet classified | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 2009 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 2010 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 12 |
| 2011 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 8 |
| 2012 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 20 |
| 2013 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 13 | 40 |
| 2014 | 4 | 1 | 13 | 3 | 21 |
| 2015 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 16 |
| 2016 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 12 |
| 2017 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 15 |
| 2018 | 11 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 27 |
| 2019 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 11 |
| 2020 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 14 |
| 2021 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 25 |
| 2022 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 11 |
| 2023 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 12 |
| 2024 | 14 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 29 |
| 2025 | 17 | 7 | 13 | 3 | 40 |
| 2026 (to date) | 11 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 29 |
Study types
| Review | 98 |
|---|---|
| Randomized controlled trial | 50 |
| Editorial, letter or other | 42 |
| Observational human study | 39 |
| Animal study | 29 |
| Meta-analysis | 22 |
| In vitro study | 17 |
| Systematic review | 13 |
| Other clinical trial | 11 |
| Computational study | 9 |
| Case report | 5 |
| Guideline or consensus | 5 |
| Not yet classified | 4 |
| Correction or retraction notice | 3 |
Research areas
From MeSH major topics. A paper can be in several areas.
| Gastrointestinal | 300 |
|---|---|
| Neurological and mental health | 18 |
| Oncology | 11 |
| Reproductive and sexual health | 7 |
| Antimicrobial and infectious disease | 4 |
| Cardiovascular | 3 |
| Obesity and weight management | 3 |
| Dermatology | 2 |
| Immune system | 2 |
| Metabolic health | 2 |
| Cognitive health | 1 |
| Endocrinology | 1 |
Registered clinical trials
10 of 35 trials completed at least a year before the cutoff have neither posted results nor a linked results publication. A registration is not a result.
Completed: 38 · Unknown status: 5 · Recruiting: 3 · Terminated: 3 · Active, not recruiting: 2 · Not yet recruiting: 2
Early phase 1: 1 · Phase not applicable: 10 · Phase 1: 5 · Phase 1 / Phase 2: 1 · Phase 2: 13 · Phase 3: 15 · Phase 4: 8
The 50 most recently started of 53 trials.
Human trials and evidence reviews
Meta-analyses, systematic reviews and trials in people, newest first.
- Adjunctive linaclotide improves bowel cleansing and patient experience in polyethylene glycol-based bowel preparation.
Scientific reports · April 20, 2026 · Meta-analysis · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42009975 · DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-49852-x · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Safety and efficacy of linaclotide as an adjuvant for bowel preparation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology · November 6, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 0 times
PMID 41203453 · DOI 10.1016/j.ajg.2025.09.017 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Pediatric Patients of Functional Constipation and IBS-C: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials.
Gastroenterology & hepatology · November 1, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 0 times
PMID 41625189 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Surgical endoscopy · October 30, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 3 times
PMID 41168471 · DOI 10.1007/s00464-025-12288-x · Reviews and meta-analyses
- The Efficacy of Single Dose Linaclotide in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Bowel Preparation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Journal of clinical gastroenterology · October 23, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 2 times
PMID 41123247 · DOI 10.1097/mcg.0000000000002267 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies for functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · October 13, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 6 times · open access
PMID 41101321 · DOI 10.1016/s2352-4642(25)00219-6 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol in combination with linaclotide versus polyethylene glycol alone for colonoscopy: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.
Clinical endoscopy · September 1, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 2 times · open access
PMID 40899243 · DOI 10.5946/ce.2025.073 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide as an Adjunct to Polyethylene Glycol in Bowel Preparation: A Meta-Analysis.
Journal of digestive diseases · July 1, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 3 times · open access
PMID 40955723 · DOI 10.1111/1751-2980.70008 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- The Safety of Pharmacotherapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
The American journal of gastroenterology · June 5, 2025 · Meta-analysis · cited 8 times · open access
PMID 40471839 · DOI 10.14309/ajg.0000000000003572 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Comparative profiles of lubiprostone, linaclotide, and elobixibat for chronic constipation: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis and number needed to treat/harm.
BMC gastroenterology · January 2, 2024 · Meta-analysis · cited 28 times · open access
PMID 38166671 · DOI 10.1186/s12876-023-03104-8 · Reviews and meta-analyses
Most cited
By OpenAlex citation count. Citations measure attention, not quality or correctness.
- Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety.
The American journal of gastroenterology · November 1, 2012 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 464 times
PMID 22986437 · DOI 10.1038/ajg.2012.254 · Human clinical research
- A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week randomized withdrawal period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
The American journal of gastroenterology · November 1, 2012 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 384 times · open access
PMID 22986440 · DOI 10.1038/ajg.2012.255 · Human clinical research
- Effect of laxatives and pharmacological therapies in chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Gut · February 1, 2011 · Meta-analysis · cited 383 times · open access
PMID 21205879 · DOI 10.1136/gut.2010.227132 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Two randomized trials of linaclotide for chronic constipation.
The New England journal of medicine · August 1, 2011 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 376 times · open access
PMID 21830967 · DOI 10.1056/nejmoa1010863 · Human clinical research
- Linaclotide inhibits colonic nociceptors and relieves abdominal pain via guanylate cyclase-C and extracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate.
Gastroenterology · August 16, 2013 · Randomized controlled trial · cited 297 times · open access
PMID 23958540 · DOI 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.017 · Human clinical research
Latest publications
- Development and internal validation of a prediction model for suboptimal bowel preparation in individuals aged ≤50 years undergoing colonoscopy.
Frontiers in medicine · September 23, 2026 · Observational human study · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42846315 · DOI 10.3389/fmed.2026.1939670 · Human clinical research
- Pharmacotherapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation in Children: An Update on Clinical Progress and Successes.
Drugs · September 23, 2026 · Review · cited 0 times
PMID 42773320 · DOI 10.1007/s40265-026-02376-0 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Efficacy and Safety of Linaclotide in Pediatric Patients of Functional Constipation: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
The Annals of pharmacotherapy · September 4, 2026 · Review · cited 0 times
PMID 42695347 · DOI 10.1177/10600280261479335 · Reviews and meta-analyses
- Effect of Age and Age-Defined Menopausal Status on Linaclotide Efficacy and Safety in Adults With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation or Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: Post Hoc Analyses of Phase 2b/3 Studies.
Neurogastroenterology and motility · September 1, 2026 · Other clinical trial · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42702764 · DOI 10.1111/nmo.70429 · Human clinical research
- Patients' Real-World Experiences With Pharmacologic Therapies for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation: A Mixed-Methods Analysis and Classification of Social Media and E-Forum Posts.
Neurogastroenterology and motility · September 1, 2026 · Observational human study · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42694017 · DOI 10.1111/nmo.70432 · Human clinical research
- Efficacy of linaclotide as adjunct for bowel preparation in patients with chronic constipation: a pre-specified analysis of the APPLE trial.
Clinical endoscopy · August 20, 2026 · Observational human study · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42681900 · DOI 10.5946/ce.2026.214 · Human clinical research
- Resolving conformational polymorphism in disulfide-rich peptide drugs.
Frontiers in chemistry · August 17, 2026 · In vitro study · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42676398 · DOI 10.3389/fchem.2026.1913741 · In vitro studies
- Secretagogue laxatives as a potential strategy to overcome adherence barriers to over-the-counter treatment for clozapine-induced constipation.
The mental health clinician · August 3, 2026 · Case report · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42569232 · DOI 10.9740/mhc.2026.08.207 · Human clinical research
- Rapid and comprehensive identification of the metabolic soft spots of peptide drugs with highly cross-linked disulfide bonds by integrating established proteomic workflow with a product ion filtering strategy.
Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · July 17, 2026 · In vitro study · cited 0 times
PMID 42612545 · DOI 10.1016/j.dmd.2026.100371 · In vitro studies
- Efficacy safety of linaclotide combined with polyethylene glycol for bowel preparation in patients with constipation: a meta-analysis.
Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · July 14, 2026 · Systematic review · cited 0 times · open access
PMID 42523615 · DOI 10.3389/fgstr.2026.1694950 · Reviews and meta-analyses
How this is counted
PubMed records matched by the names below, counted when the peptide is in the title, indexed by MeSH, or confirmed from the abstract. The exact query can be rerun on Europe PMC. Methodology
Search terms: Constella; Linaclotida; Linaclotide; Linzess; MD-1100
((TITLE_ABS:"Constella" OR CHEM:"Constella") OR (TITLE_ABS:"Linaclotida" OR CHEM:"Linaclotida") OR (TITLE_ABS:"Linaclotide" OR CHEM:"Linaclotide") OR (TITLE_ABS:"Linzess" OR CHEM:"Linzess") OR (TITLE_ABS:"MD-1100" OR CHEM:"MD-1100" OR TITLE_ABS:"MD1100" OR CHEM:"MD1100")) AND SRC:MED
Cite this page
Peptide Library. (2026, November 2). Linaclotide research statistics (Version weekly-2026-11-01) [Statistic]. Peptide Library. https://peptidelibrary.app/research/peptides/linaclotide